EnglishTranslation

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||<tablestyle="float:right; font-size: 0.9em; width:40%; background:#F1F1ED; margin: 0 0 1em 1em;" style="padding:0.5em;">'''Contents'''[[BR]][[TableOfContents]]|| ||<tablestyle="float:right; font-size: 0.9em; width:40%; background:#F1F1ED; margin: 0 0 1em 1em;" style="padding:0.5em;"><<TableOfContents>>||
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Our intention is to maintain a central communications channel for en-GB based languages. Generally, this includes the forms of English spoken in Commonwealth countries such as the [https://launchpad.net/people/ubuntu-l10n-en-gb United Kingdom], [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/IndianTeam India], [https://launchpad.net/people/ubuntu-l10n-en-au Australia], [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SouthAfricanTeam South Africa] and [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CanadianTeam Canada]. Our intention is to maintain a central communications channel for en-GB based languages. Generally, this includes the forms of English spoken in Commonwealth countries such as the [[https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-l10n-en-gb|United Kingdom]], [[IndianTeam|India]], [[AustralianTranslationTeam|Australia]], [[SouthAfricanTeam|South Africa]] and [[CanadianTeam|Canada]].
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Our translations are based on [https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/dapper/+lang/en_GB/ British English]. That effort is is headquartered [https://launchpad.net/people/ubuntu-l10n-en-gb here]. Our translations are based on [[https://translations.launchpad.net/ubuntu/karmic/+lang/en_GB|British English]]. That effort is headquartered [[https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-l10n-en-gb|here]]. Essentially, we are producing an internationalised form of en_GB.
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We do not intend to restrict the activities of local translation groups, but rather to provide a common base for everyone to build upon. We do not intend to restrict the activities of local translation groups, but rather to provide a common base for everyone to build upon. Through co-operation, we hope to strengthen rather than weaken localised versions of English.
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 1. Sign up for a [https://launchpad.net/ Launchpad account].  1. Sign up for a [[https://launchpad.net/|Launchpad account]].
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 1. Apply to join the [https://launchpad.net/people/ubuntu-l10n-en-gb Ubuntu English (United Kingdom) Translators team]
 1. Sign up to the [https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-l10n-eng ubuntu-l10n-eng mailing list]
 1. Apply to join the [[https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-l10n-en-gb|Ubuntu English (United Kingdom) Translators team]]
 1. Sign up to the [[https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-l10n-eng|ubuntu-l10n-eng mailing list]]
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Our primary communications channel is our [https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-l10n-eng mailing list]. Our primary communications channel is our [[https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-l10n-eng|mailing list]].
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Our main tool is [https://launchpad.net/rosetta/+about Rosetta]. To get started, consult the [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/TranslatingUbuntu translation team portal]. == Table of translations ==
The bulk of our translation effort is simple word substitution. To streamline this process and to maintain consistency, we are compiling a [[EnglishTranslation/WordSubstitution|table of translations]]. Please help us by contributing to that table. As a quick guide, refer to our ''table of common translations'', below.
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Given that the bulk of our translation effort is simple word substitution, it may make sense to introduce some automation into our process. As a first step towards this, we are compiling a [wiki:EnglishTranslation/WordSubstitution table of translations]. For the ''Check Spelling'' function on the wiki to function correctly, we should also add our words to the [[LocalSpellingWords|Local Spelling Words]] list.
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Team member [https://launchpad.net/people/malcolm-parsons Malcolm Parsons] has written a [http://pepsiman.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/translate.user.js Greasemonkey script] to ease the translation process in Rosetta. [http://www.mozilla.com/firefox/ Mozilla Firefox] with the [http://greasemonkey.mozdev.org/ Greasemonkey] extension are required for this to work. == Rosetta ==
Our primary tool is [[https://translations.launchpad.net/|Rosetta]], Ubuntu's Web-based translation tool. To get started, consult the [[TranslatingUbuntu|Translation Team portal]] and the [[https://help.launchpad.net/LaunchpadTranslationsFAQ|FAQ list]].

Although already an excellent tool, Rosetta suffers from a number of [[https://blueprints.launchpad.net/rosetta|deficiencies]] that may be of hindrance to our project. These issues are currently being addressed:

 * [[https://blueprints.launchpad.net/rosetta/+spec/similar-languages|Similar Languages]]
 * [[https://blueprints.launchpad.net/rosetta/+spec/language-glossary-links|Language Glossary Links]]
 * [[https://blueprints.launchpad.net/rosetta/+spec/the-english-language|The English Language]]

== Greasemonkey script ==
Team member [[https://launchpad.net/people/malcolm-parsons|Malcolm Parsons]] maintains a [[http://pepsiman.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/translate.user.js|Greasemonkey script]] to ease the translation process in Rosetta. It is updated at irregular intervals, so you will need to update periodically. Be sure to remove any previously installed versions before installing a new version.

Note that the script merely makes suggestions for word substitutions (based on [[EnglishTranslation/WordSubstitution|our table of translations]]). It does not check punctuation, grammar or style. It would be unfeasible for us (or evidently anyone else) to produce an automated corrector of these elements, so they must be assessed manually.

Requirements:
 * [[http://www.mozilla.com/firefox/|Mozilla Firefox]]
 * the [[http://greasemonkey.mozdev.org/|Greasemonkey]] extension
or
 * [[http://www.gnome.org/projects/epiphany/|Epiphany]]
 * [[http://www.gnome.org/projects/epiphany/extensions|Epiphany extensions]]
 * The Greasemonkey extension from the above package enabled (Tools>Extensions).

Screenshots: [[http://pepsiman.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/launchpad_with_greasemonkey.png|One]] | [[http://pepsiman.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/launchpad_with_greasemonkey2.png|Two]]
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Translations should be based on the [http://dictionary.cambridge.org/Default.asp?dict=CALD Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary] the [http://www.askoxford.com/dictionaries/compact_oed/?view=uk Oxford English Dictionary] and the [http://www.chambersharrap.co.uk/chambers/chref/chref.py/main Chambers 21st Century Dictionary], unless they conflict with the information given below. Unless they conflict with the information given below, translations should be based on the following dictionaries:
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The [http://live.gnome.org/BritishEnglish GNOME] and [http://kde.me.uk/index.php?page=kde-en-gb KDE] projects have established guidelines for their own translation efforts. Wikipedia hosts a number of informative [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?search=american+british+english pages] on the subject:  * the [[http://dictionary.cambridge.org/Default.asp?dict=CALD|Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary]]
 * the [[http://www.askoxford.com/dictionaries/compact_oed/?view=uk|Oxford English Dictionary]]
 * the [[http://www.collins.co.uk/wordexchange/|Collins Dictionary]]
 * the [[http://www.chambersharrap.co.uk/chambers/chref/chref.py/main|Chambers 21st Century Dictionary]]
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 * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_and_British_English_spelling_differences American and British English spelling differences]
 * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK-US_heterologues_A-Z UK-US heterologues A-Z]
 * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_words_not_widely_used_in_the_United_Kingdom List of American words not widely used in the United Kingdom]
 * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_English International English]
 * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:English_language English Language]
 * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:English_dialects English Dialects]
 * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Forms_of_English Forms of English]
The [[http://live.gnome.org/BritishEnglish|GNOME]] and [[http://kde.me.uk/index.php?page=kde-en-gb|KDE]] projects have established guidelines for their own translation efforts. [[http://en-gb.pyxidium.co.uk/|Pyxidium Limited]] has been doing some good work with Ope``nOffic``e.org and Mozilla localisations.
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Below is a table of common translations. Note that these rules do not always apply, so use with caution. For a more complete list, refer to the aforementioned [wiki:EnglishTranslation/WordSubstitution table of translations]. == Table of common translations ==
Below is a table of common translations. Note that these rules do not always apply, so use with caution. For a more complete list, refer to the aforementioned [[EnglishTranslation/WordSubstitution|table of translations]].
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 || *or || *our || colour, favour, honour ||
 || *yze || *yse || analyse ||
 || *ize || *ise || colourise, organise, but not size||
 || *alog || *alogue || catalogue, dialogue ||
 || e* || oe* || oestrogen ||
 || *alog || *alogue || catalogue, dialogue (except dialog in computing) ||
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 || *er || *re || centre, fibre, litre, metre, millimetre ||  || *er || *re || centre, theatre, fibre, litre, metre, millimetre ||
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 || *iza* || *isa* || civilisation, organisational ||
 || *ize || *ise || colourise, organise, maximise, minimise, but not size ||
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 || *or || *our || colour, favour, honour ||
 || *rrhea || *rrhoea || diarrhoea, gonorrhoea ||
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 || *yze || *yse || analyse ||
 || e* || oe* || oestrogen ||
 || multi* || multi-* || 'multi-storey', but not 'multiple' ||
 || Dr., Mr., Mrs. || Dr, Mr, Mrs || Only use a full stop if the final letter of the abbreviation is not the final letter of the word it is abbreviating. ||
 || St, St. || St, St. || St = Saint ; St. = Street ||
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 || delete || Permanently Delete || make this change if a Delete action will bypass the Rubbish Bin (Trash) ||
 || disk || disc, disk || Contextual: If describing a round object (e.g. a CD or DVD), use 'disc'. Otherwise, use 'disk' (e.g. a hard disk drive). ||
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 || mom || mum || mother ||  || mom || mum / mam || mother ||
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 || program || programme, program || Contextual: use 'program' in computing contexts, and 'programme' everywhere else (e.g. a computer program, a television programme) ||
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 || theater || theatre || ||
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 || trash || rubbish, the Rubbish Bin || When referring to generic waste, use 'rubbish'. When referring to the place where deleted files go, use 'the Rubbish Bin' (note the capitalisation).||
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 || ZIP code || postcode || ||  || ZIP code || postcode || Be careful with this one. A correct English translation may be referring to the American postal system, in which case "ZIP code" is correct. ||
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== Dialectical Differences == == Dialectical/Contextual Differences ==
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Since our goal is to provide a common base for English, one must be mindful of the use of English internationally, and the differences between dialects. Below is a list of differences that should be reconciled. We will use the mailing list to discuss such matters. Since our goal is to provide a common base for English, one must be mindful of the use of English internationally, and the differences between dialects and contexts (nouns/verbs, computing/non-computing, etc.). Below is a list of differences that should be reconciled. We will use the mailing list to discuss such matters.
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 || Trash || Wastebasket || Rubbish, Garbage, Rubbish Bin, Garbage Bin, Deleted Items, Deleted Items folder ||
 || disk, disc || disc || should this depend on context? ||
 || plugin || plug-in || ||
 || program || programme || should this depend on context? ||
 || login || log-in || This may be dependent upon context ||
 || plugin || plug-in || This may be dependent upon context ||
 || setup || set-up || This may be dependent upon context ||

== Other Resources ==

Highly recommended:

 * [[http://www.askoxford.com/betterwriting/us/?view=uk|American Spelling]], by AskOxford
 * [[http://www.askoxford.com/asktheexperts/faq/?view=uk|AskOxford's FAQ page]] addresses some of the more ambiguous points of the English language.
 * The Collins [[http://www.collins.co.uk/wordexchange/Default.aspx?pg=69&amp;amp;title=Grammar%20Glossary|Word Helpdesk]]: [[http://www.collins.co.uk/wordexchange/Default.aspx?pg=72|Usage Notes]], [[http://www.collins.co.uk/wordexchange/Default.aspx?pg=69|Grammar Glossary]], [[http://www.collins.co.uk/wordexchange/Default.aspx?pg=71|Punctuation Glossary]] and lists of [[http://www.collins.co.uk/wordexchange/Default.aspx?pg=110|prefixes]] and [[http://www.collins.co.uk/wordexchange/Default.aspx?pg=111|suffixes]]
 * Paul Brian's [[http://www.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/errors.html|Common Errors in English]] is based on en_US, but is nevertheless an excellent resource.
 * [[http://www2.gsu.edu/~wwwesl/egw/jones/differences.htm|Spelling differences between American and British English]]
 * [[http://www2.gsu.edu/~wwwesl/egw/jones/words.htm|Common Words in American and British English]]
 * [[http://english2american.com/|The English-to-American Dictionary]]
 * [[http://www.peak.org/~jeremy/dictionary/chapters/title.php|The American-British British-American Dictionary (for English Speaking People)]]
 * [[http://www.eurotexte.net/translation/tips_brit_vs_amer.shtml|Tips - British English vs American English]]
 * [[http://www.effingpot.com/|The Best of British]]
 * [[http://www.scit.wlv.ac.uk/~jphb/american.html|Notes on American English]]
 * [[http://www.hps.com/~tpg/ukdict/|United Kingdom English for the American Novice]]
 * [[http://www.travelfurther.net/dictionaries/|American-British/British-American Dictionaries]]
 * [[http://www3.telus.net/linguisticsissues/britishcanadianamericanvocab.html|British, Canadian and American Vocabulary]]
 * [[http://www3.telus.net/linguisticsissues/BritishCanadianAmerican.htm|Differences between British, Canadian and American Spelling]]

Wikipedia hosts a number of informative [[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?search=american+british+english|pages]] on the subject:

 * [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling|Manual of Style - Spelling]]
 * [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_english|British English]]
 * [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_English|Commonwealth English]]
 * [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_English|International English]]
 * [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:English_language|Category: English Language]]
 * [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:English_dialects|Category: English Dialects]]
 * [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Forms_of_English|Category: Forms of English]]
 * [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:American_and_British_English_differences|Category: American and British English differences]]
 * [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_and_British_English_spelling_differences|American and British English spelling differences]]
 * [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_words_having_different_meanings_in_British_and_American_English|List of words having different meanings in British and American English]]
 * [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_British_words_not_widely_used_in_the_United_States|List of British words not widely used in the United States]]
 * [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_words_not_widely_used_in_the_United_Kingdom|List of American words not widely used in the United Kingdom]]

Other useful resources:

 * [[http://www.proz.com/translation-articles/articles/570/1/AMERICAN-VERSUS-BRITISH-ENGLISH|American Versus British English: Why Translators need to Know the Difference]]
 * [[http://archive.1september.ru/eng/2001/05/1.htm|Transatlantic Translation]]
 * [[http://www.peevish.co.uk/slang/|English slang and colloquialisms used in the United Kingdom]]
 * [[http://www.uta.fi/FAST/US1/REF/us1refs.html|FAST-US-1 (TRENPK2) Introduction to American English]]
 * [[http://www.peevish.co.uk/slang/links.htm|Online Slang Dictionaries and Language Links]]
 * [[http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Atlantis/2284/|English to English]]
 * [[http://www.team.net/sol/solterms.html|British car terms]]
 * [[http://www.nz.com/new-zealand/guide-book/language/dictionary.aspx|NZ English to US English Dictionary]]
 * [[http://www.learnenglish.de/mistakes/CommonMistakes.htm|Common Mistakes and Confusing Words in English]]


= Similar Groups =

Below is a list of groups that share some of our values. For our translation effort to be successful, we should be communicating and co-operating with them as much as possible.

Horizontal:

 * other [[https://launchpad.net/people/?name=ubuntu-l10n-en&searchfor=teamsonly|English translation groups within Ubuntu]]
 * other English translation groups in other distributions
 * [[http://www.wordforge.org/static/guide-british_english.html|WordForge]]
 * [[http://translate.sourceforge.net/wiki/guide/british_english|translate.sourceforge.net]]

Vertical:

 * the [[http://live.gnome.org/BritishEnglish|GNOME British English Translation]] group
 * the [[http://kde.me.uk/index.php?page=kde-en-gb|KDE British English Translation]] group
 * [[http://en-gb.pyxidium.co.uk/|Pyxidium Limited]] - Ope``nOffic``e.org and Mozilla localisations
 * [[http://members.madasafish.com/~tyndall/fb_en-gb.html|Firefox]] British English translation
 * other upstream translation groups
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CategoryHomepage CategoryLoCoTeams CategoryHomepage CategoryLoCoTeams CategoryEnglishTranslation

Overview

This is the home page for Ubuntu English translations.

Our intention is to maintain a central communications channel for en-GB based languages. Generally, this includes the forms of English spoken in Commonwealth countries such as the United Kingdom, India, Australia, South Africa and Canada.

These variants are almost identical in their written forms, so it makes sense for some communication and co-operation to take place. We hope to eliminate the duplication of effort that is currently taking place in regards to translations.

Our translations are based on British English. That effort is headquartered here. Essentially, we are producing an internationalised form of en_GB.

We do not intend to restrict the activities of local translation groups, but rather to provide a common base for everyone to build upon. Through co-operation, we hope to strengthen rather than weaken localised versions of English.

How to Participate

Joining the Ubuntu English (United Kingdom) Translators team allows you to commit translations and vote on policies. If you are not a member, your contributions will need to be approved by a member. The procedure for joining is as follows.

  1. Sign up for a Launchpad account.

  2. Make your e-mail address visible on your Launchpad homepage so that we can get in touch with you. If we cannot contact you, you cannot join.
  3. Apply to join the Ubuntu English (United Kingdom) Translators team

  4. Sign up to the ubuntu-l10n-eng mailing list

  5. An Administrator should e-mail you. Reply to their message.

The team is moderated, meaning that you need to be approved by an Administrator before you are allowed to join. Membership is dependent upon:

  • adequate command of the written English language to qualify as a translator
  • ability to contribute constructively and work as a team under the leadership of the Administrators
  • following established guidelines and directions
  • remaining contactable via the mailing list

Don't let these requirements scare you off, though. Provided you have decent written English language skills, you will likely be admitted.

Communication

Our primary communications channel is our mailing list.

Tools

Table of translations

The bulk of our translation effort is simple word substitution. To streamline this process and to maintain consistency, we are compiling a table of translations. Please help us by contributing to that table. As a quick guide, refer to our table of common translations, below.

For the Check Spelling function on the wiki to function correctly, we should also add our words to the Local Spelling Words list.

Rosetta

Our primary tool is Rosetta, Ubuntu's Web-based translation tool. To get started, consult the Translation Team portal and the FAQ list.

Although already an excellent tool, Rosetta suffers from a number of deficiencies that may be of hindrance to our project. These issues are currently being addressed:

Greasemonkey script

Team member Malcolm Parsons maintains a Greasemonkey script to ease the translation process in Rosetta. It is updated at irregular intervals, so you will need to update periodically. Be sure to remove any previously installed versions before installing a new version.

Note that the script merely makes suggestions for word substitutions (based on our table of translations). It does not check punctuation, grammar or style. It would be unfeasible for us (or evidently anyone else) to produce an automated corrector of these elements, so they must be assessed manually.

Requirements:

or

Screenshots: One | Two

Translation Guidelines

Unless they conflict with the information given below, translations should be based on the following dictionaries:

The GNOME and KDE projects have established guidelines for their own translation efforts. Pyxidium Limited has been doing some good work with OpenOffice.org and Mozilla localisations.

Table of common translations

Below is a table of common translations. Note that these rules do not always apply, so use with caution. For a more complete list, refer to the aforementioned table of translations.

  • en-US Spelling

    English Translation

    Example/Explanation

    *alog

    *alogue

    catalogue, dialogue (except dialog in computing)

    *e*

    *ae*

    encyclopaedia, anaesthetic, archaeology

    *ed

    *t

    spelt, spilt, spoilt, dreamt, knelt, burnt

    *er

    *re

    centre, theatre, fibre, litre, metre, millimetre

    *in

    *ine

    adrenaline, glycerine

    *iza*

    *isa*

    civilisation, organisational

    *ize

    *ise

    colourise, organise, maximise, minimise, but not size

    *led

    *lled

    labelled

    *or

    *our

    colour, favour, honour

    *rrhea

    *rrhoea

    diarrhoea, gonorrhoea

    *se

    *ce

    only when a noun: licence, practice, advice, defence

    *yze

    *yse

    analyse

    e*

    oe*

    oestrogen

    multi*

    multi-*

    'multi-storey', but not 'multiple'

    Dr., Mr., Mrs.

    Dr, Mr, Mrs

    Only use a full stop if the final letter of the abbreviation is not the final letter of the word it is abbreviating.

    St, St.

    St, St.

    St = Saint ; St. = Street

    aluminum

    aluminium

    check

    tick

    the tick box

    check

    cheque

    a bank cheque

    checker

    chequer

    a game of chequers, a chequered floor

    counter-clockwise

    anti-clockwise

    rotate anti-clockwise

    delete

    Permanently Delete

    make this change if a Delete action will bypass the Rubbish Bin (Trash)

    disk

    disc, disk

    Contextual: If describing a round object (e.g. a CD or DVD), use 'disc'. Otherwise, use 'disk' (e.g. a hard disk drive).

    gasoline

    petrol

    gray

    grey

    hood

    bonnet

    The lid covering the engine compartment of a car.

    mom

    mum / mam

    mother

    parentheses

    brackets

    period

    full stop

    program

    programme, program

    Contextual: use 'program' in computing contexts, and 'programme' everywhere else (e.g. a computer program, a television programme)

    pound sign

    hash

    sulfur

    sulphur

    trunk

    boot

    The luggage compartment of a car.

    trash

    rubbish, the Rubbish Bin

    When referring to generic waste, use 'rubbish'. When referring to the place where deleted files go, use 'the Rubbish Bin' (note the capitalisation).

    zee

    zed

    pronunciation of the final letter of the English alphabet

    ZIP code

    postcode

    Be careful with this one. A correct English translation may be referring to the American postal system, in which case "ZIP code" is correct.

Dialectical/Contextual Differences

Since our goal is to provide a common base for English, one must be mindful of the use of English internationally, and the differences between dialects and contexts (nouns/verbs, computing/non-computing, etc.). Below is a list of differences that should be reconciled. We will use the mailing list to discuss such matters.

  • en-US Spelling

    Current en-GB Translation

    Explanation/Alternatives

    login

    log-in

    This may be dependent upon context

    plugin

    plug-in

    This may be dependent upon context

    setup

    set-up

    This may be dependent upon context

Other Resources

Highly recommended:

Wikipedia hosts a number of informative pages on the subject:

Other useful resources:

Similar Groups

Below is a list of groups that share some of our values. For our translation effort to be successful, we should be communicating and co-operating with them as much as possible.

Horizontal:

Vertical:


CategoryHomepage CategoryLoCoTeams CategoryEnglishTranslation

EnglishTranslation (last edited 2013-12-10 00:34:45 by 027eec55)