TechnicalOverview

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== Updated Packages ==

As with every new release, packages--applications and software of all kinds--are being updated at a rapid pace. Many of these packages come from an automatic sync from Debian's Unstable branch. For a list of all packages being accepted for 9.10 Karmic Koala, please subscribe to karmic-changes:

 https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/karmic-changes
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AppArmor support in Ubuntu 9.10 Beta features a number of improvements. The parser has been improved to use cache files, greatly speeding up AppArmor initialisation on boot. AppArmor also now supports 'pux' which, when specified, means a process can transition to an existing profile if one exists or simply run unconfined if one does not. Improved support for globbing has also been added, most notably when using wildcard matching for the binary of a profile. Significantly, the AppArmor patch for Ubuntu has been heavily reworked and now fully uses the upstream LSM hooks. This makes AppArmor in Ubuntu very self-contained and a good candidate for future inclusion in the upstream kernel. App``Armor in Ubuntu 9.10 Beta features an improved parser that uses cache files, greatly speeding up App``Armor initialisation on boot. App``Armor also now supports 'pux' which, when specified, means a process can transition to an existing profile if one exists or simply run unconfined if one does not.
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In addition to the above changes to AppArmor itself, several profiles were added. Enforcing profiles for ```ntpd```, the GNOME document viewer (```evince```), and ```libvirt``` are enabled by default. Complain mode profiles for Dovecot are now available in the ```apparmor-profiles``` package. A new profile is provided for Firefox as well, though it is disabled by default. Users can enable this by running: {{{ In addition to the above changes to App``Armor itself, several profiles were added. Enforcing profiles for ```ntpd```, the GNOME document viewer (```evince```), and ```libvirt``` are enabled by default. Complain mode profiles for Dovecot are now available in the ```apparmor-profiles``` package. A new profile is provided for Firefox as well, though it is disabled by default. Users can enable App``Armor sandboxing of their browser by running: {{{
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Libvirt now contains AppArmor integration when using KVM or QEMU. Libvirtd is configured to launch virtual machines that are confined by uniquely restrictive AppArmor profiles. This feature significantly improves virtualisation in Ubuntu by providing user-space host protection as well as guest isolation. Libvirt now contains App``Armor integration when using KVM or QEMU. Libvirtd is configured to launch virtual machines that are confined by uniquely restrictive App``Armor profiles. This feature significantly improves virtualisation in Ubuntu by providing user-space host protection as well as guest isolation.
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To [[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Security/Features#Block%20module%20loading|block the loading of any further modules]]
after boot (generally for servers with unchanging hardware), the {{{/proc/sys/kernel/modules_disabled}}} one-way sysctl flag now exists to add another layer of protections against attackers loading kernel rootkits.
To [[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Security/Features#Block%20module%20loading|block the loading of any further modules]] after boot (generally for servers with unchanging hardware), the {{{/proc/sys/kernel/modules_disabled}}} one-way sysctl flag now exists to add another layer of protections against attackers loading kernel rootkits.
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Building on the work done in Ubuntu 8.10 and 9.04 to proactively protect Ubuntu from unknown threats by using [[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CompilerFlags|strict compiler flags]], more applications have been built as [[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Security/Features#PIE|Position-Independent Executables]] (PIE) to take advantage of the
[[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Security/Features#ASLR|Address Space Layout Randomisation]] (ASLR) available in the Ubuntu kernel.
Building on the work done in Ubuntu 8.10 and 9.04 to proactively protect Ubuntu from unknown threats by using [[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CompilerFlags|strict compiler flags]], more applications have been built as [[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Security/Features#PIE|Position-Independent Executables]] (PIE) to take advantage of the [[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Security/Features#ASLR|Address Space Layout Randomisation]] (ASLR) available in the Ubuntu kernel.
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## * The OEM installer is reported to not correctly set up the end user account in Alpha 6. Investigation of this issue is ongoing. (Bug:423042)

 * When installing Ubuntu from Alpha 6 in a dual-boot configuration with another operating system, such as Windows Vista, the grub2 configuration will not present an option to boot to the other OS. Investigation of this issue is ongoing. (Bug:430141)

 * Installing a UEC cluster controller under Ubuntu Server will hang on reboot due to a bug in the eucalyptus init scripts. As a workaround, you can log in to the server remotely via ssh and change the CLOUD_PORT value in /etc/init.d/eucalyptus-cc to 8774. This bug will be resolved for the Ubuntu 9.10 Beta. (Bug:430758)

 * Installation of a eucalyptus node will not properly configure the bridge network setup in Alpha 6. To correct this after install, log in to the node and run the command {{{sudo sed -i "s/^iface $interface inet dhcp$/iface $interface inet manual/" /etc/network/interfaces && sudo service networking restart}}}, where {{{$interface}}} is the primary interface of the machine. Cluster nodes installed using Ubuntu 9.10 Beta will have the correct configuration set automatically. (Bug:430820)

 * The OEM installer end-user setup will fail to start in Alpha 6. Investigation of this issue is ongoing. (Bug:431941)

 * Choosing the "Install Kubuntu" option from Kubuntu and Kubuntu Netbook LiveCDs will start a live session instead. As a workaround, you can launch the installer from the live session desktop. Investigation of this issue is ongoing. (Bug:431169)
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 * In some configurations, users will be unable to use the auto-resize option due to a timestamp problem during ext3/4 filesystem check. Investigation of this issue is ongoing. (Bug:431786)
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 * Encrypted partitions other than the root filesystem will not be mounted in Alpha 6 due to a bug in the cryptsetup package. This bug has been resolved immediately post-Alpha 6; as a workaround for this issue users are recommended to upgrade to cryptsetup version 2:1.0.6+20090405.svn49-1ubuntu4 before rebooting. (Bug:430496)  * In some situations, the splash screen after the gdm login manager stays around indefinitely and uses 100% CPU. As a workaround, restart the computer and try again, and install the latest Karmic package updates. (Bug:438458)

Introduction

The Ubuntu developers are moving quickly to bring you the latest and greatest software the Open Source Community has to offer. This is the Ubuntu 9.10 beta release, which brings a host of exciting new features.

Note: This is a beta release. Do not install it on production machines. The final stable version will be released on October 29th, 2009.

Upgrading from Ubuntu 9.04

To upgrade from Ubuntu 9.04 on a desktop system, press Alt+F2 and type in "update-manager -d" (without the quotes) into the command box. Update Manager should open up and tell you: New distribution release '9.10' is available. Click Upgrade and follow the on-screen instructions.

To upgrade from Ubuntu 9.04 on a server system: install the update-manager-core package if it is not already installed; edit /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades and set Prompt=normal; launch the upgrade tool with the command sudo do-release-upgrade -d; and follow the on-screen instructions.

Download

Get it while it's hot. ISOs and torrents are available at:

Local mirrors are also available:

  • FIXME: import mirror list automatically

New features since Ubuntu 9.04

These features are showcased for your attention. Please test them and report any bugs you find:

Upstart

As part of our boot performance work, we have now transitioned to Upstart. If you are testing on your primary machine, we strongly suggest having an Ubuntu Karmic Alpha 5 LiveCD available, or creating an Alpha 5 USB startup disk before doing an upgrade. This will allow us to help you recover in the case that something goes wrong during the boot of your system after upgrade. We request that all bugs affecting the performance or functionality of boot be tagged with ubuntu-boot in Launchpad.

Software Center

Ubuntu 9.10 Beta includes the Ubuntu Software Center, replacing 'Add/Remove' in the Applications menu. We kindly request users to try it out, and report any bugs they find.

GNOME

Ubuntu 9.10 Beta includes the latest GNOME 2.28 desktop environment with a number of great new features:

  • Empathy has replaced Pidgin as the default instant messaging client, introducing the Telepathy framework.

  • The gdm 2.28 login manager is a complete rewrite compared to the version in earlier Ubuntu releases, permitting a more integrated login experience.

Kubuntu

Kubuntu 9.10 includes the first Kubuntu Netbook release, Social from the Start and the latest KDE packages. See the Kubuntu technical overview.

Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud Images

Ubuntu 9.10 Beta includes images for common use on Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud (UEC) and Amazon's EC2. You can try out the latest Ubuntu 9.10 server image instantly on EC2 using a preconfigured AMI, or download an image and put it into your own Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud. For information on using UEC images on Amazon EC2, see the EC2 Starter's Guide.

Ubuntu One file sharing

Ubuntu 9.10 Beta ships the Ubuntu One file sharing service by default, providing tightly-integrated file synchronization of your computer with other computers and the Ubuntu One network storage service.

Linux kernel 2.6.31

Ubuntu 9.10 Beta includes the 2.6.31-11.36 kernel based on 2.6.31.1. The kernel ships with Kernel Mode Setting enabled for Intel graphics (see below). linux-restricted-modules is deprecated in favour of DKMS packages.

hal deprecation

Ubuntu 9.10 Beta's underlying technology for power management, laptop hotkeys, and handling of storage devices and cameras maps has moved from "hal" (which is in the process of being deprecated) to "DeviceKit-power", "DeviceKit-disks" and "udev". When testing Ubuntu 9.10 Beta, please be alert for regressions in those areas and report any bugs you find.

New Intel video driver architecture available for testing

The Intel video driver has switched from the "EXA" acceleration method to the new "UXA", solving major performance problems of Ubuntu 9.04. Ubuntu 9.10 Beta also features kernel mode setting by default on Intel hardware, which reduces boot-time flickering and dramatically speeds up suspend/resume.

ext4 by default

The new "ext4" filesystem is used by default for new installations with Ubuntu 9.10 Beta; of course, other filesystems are still available via the manual partitioner. Existing filesystems will not be upgraded.

If you have full backups and are confident, you can upgrade an existing ext3 filesystem to ext4 by following directions in the Ext4 Howto. (Note that the comments on that page at the time of writing about Ubuntu's use of vol_id vs. blkid are out of date and are not applicable to Ubuntu 9.10 Beta.) Maximum performance will typically only be achieved on new filesystems, not on filesystems that have been upgraded from ext3.

GRUB 2 by default

GRUB 2 is the default boot loader for new installations with Ubuntu 9.10 Beta, replacing the previous GRUB "Legacy" boot loader. Existing systems will not be upgraded to GRUB 2 at this time, as automatically reinstalling the boot loader is an inherently risky operation.

If you wish to upgrade your system to GRUB 2, then see the GRUB 2 testing page for instructions. See also the upstream draft manual.

Some features are still missing relative to GRUB Legacy. Notable among these are lock/password support, an equivalent of grub-reboot, and Xen handling.

iSCSI installation

The iSCSI installation process has been improved, and no longer requires iscsi=true as a boot parameter; the installer will offer you the option of logging into iSCSI targets if there are no local disks, or you can select "Configure iSCSI" in the manual partitioner.

Putting the root filesystem on iSCSI is now supported.

AppArmor

AppArmor in Ubuntu 9.10 Beta features an improved parser that uses cache files, greatly speeding up AppArmor initialisation on boot. AppArmor also now supports 'pux' which, when specified, means a process can transition to an existing profile if one exists or simply run unconfined if one does not.

New profiles

In addition to the above changes to AppArmor itself, several profiles were added. Enforcing profiles for ntpd, the GNOME document viewer (evince), and libvirt are enabled by default. Complain mode profiles for Dovecot are now available in the apparmor-profiles package. A new profile is provided for Firefox as well, though it is disabled by default. Users can enable AppArmor sandboxing of their browser by running:

$ sudo aa-enforce /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.firefox-3.5

Please see the SecurityTeam/KnowledgeBase for a full listing of readily available profiles in Ubuntu.

Libvirt

Libvirt now contains AppArmor integration when using KVM or QEMU. Libvirtd is configured to launch virtual machines that are confined by uniquely restrictive AppArmor profiles. This feature significantly improves virtualisation in Ubuntu by providing user-space host protection as well as guest isolation.

Uncomplicated Firewall

The Uncomplicated Firewall now has support for filtering by interface and egress filtering when using the ufw command. Documentation for ufw is also improved to help users better utilise the ufw framework and take full advantage of Linux netfilter's power and flexibility. See UbuntuFirewall#Features for a full list of features.

Non-eXecutable Emulation

Non-eXecutable (NX) memory protection, also known as eXecute-Disable (XD), has always been available in Ubuntu for any systems that had the hardware to support it and ran the 64-bit kernel or the 32-bit server kernel. The 32-bit PAE desktop kernel (linux-image-generic-pae) now also provides the PAE mode needed for hardware with the NX CPU feature.

For systems that lack NX hardware, the 32-bit kernels now provide an approximation of of the NX CPU feature via software emulation that can help block many exploits an attacker might run from stack or heap memory.

Blocking Module Loading

To block the loading of any further modules after boot (generally for servers with unchanging hardware), the /proc/sys/kernel/modules_disabled one-way sysctl flag now exists to add another layer of protections against attackers loading kernel rootkits.

Position-Independent Executables

Building on the work done in Ubuntu 8.10 and 9.04 to proactively protect Ubuntu from unknown threats by using strict compiler flags, more applications have been built as Position-Independent Executables (PIE) to take advantage of the Address Space Layout Randomisation (ASLR) available in the Ubuntu kernel.

In addition to the growing program list, PIE programs are now also built with the BIND_NOW linker flag to take full advantage of the existing RELRO linker flag. This results in PIE programs having fewer places in their memory that can be controlled to redirect program flow when an attacker attempts memory-corruption exploits.

Known issues

As is to be expected at this stage of the release process, there are several known bugs that users are likely to run into with Ubuntu 9.10 Beta. We have documented them here for your convenience along with any known workarounds, so that you don't need to spend time reporting these bugs again:

  • Installing using Wubi will run to completion, but after reboot the newly-installed system will fail to boot with the error message "Could not find a bootloader configuration". Investigation of this issue is ongoing. (431285)

  • Some users with Intel video chipsets will experience a black screen on reboot after install because the fbcon module is not being loaded. As a workaround, users can boot with the i915.modeset=0 option. Investigation of this issue is ongoing. (431812)

  • In some situations, the splash screen after the gdm login manager stays around indefinitely and uses 100% CPU. As a workaround, restart the computer and try again, and install the latest Karmic package updates. (438458)

Reporting bugs

It should come as no surprise that this beta release of Karmic Koala contains other bugs. Your comments, bug reports, patches and suggestions will help fix bugs and improve future releases. Please report bugs using the tools provided.

If you want to help out with bugs, the Bug Squad is always looking for help.

Participate in Ubuntu

If you would like to help shape Ubuntu, take a look at the list of ways you can participate at

More information

You can find out more about Ubuntu on the Ubuntu website and Ubuntu wiki.

To sign up for future Ubuntu development announcements, please subscribe to Ubuntu's development announcement list at:

KarmicKoala/TechnicalOverview (last edited 2009-10-28 16:06:36 by pD9EB68B8)