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Estas notas de publicación de Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal) proporcionan un repaso general de la versión y documentan problemas conocidos de Ubuntu 11.04 y sus variantes.

Aspectos generales de la versión

Para los usuarios de PC, Ubuntu 11.04 funciona con portátiles, equipos de sobremesa y netbooks con una interfaz unificada basada en el nuevo escritorio denominado «Unity». Esta versión sustituye a la Ubuntu Netbook Edition para todos los netbooks.

Se proporcionan imágenes de referencia para desarrolladores para ciertas plataformas ARM de Texas Instruments (TI), concretamente los sistemas de desarrollo «PandaBoard» y «BeagleBoard».

Ubuntu Server 11.04 hace más fácil implantar servidores y reducir el consumo de energía. Ubuntu Server 11.04 para UEC y EC2 dispone de un nuevo núcleo así como opciones mejoradas de inicialización y configuración.

La familia Ubuntu 11.04 de Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Edubuntu, Mythbuntu y Ubuntu Studio también cuentan con numerosas actualizaciones.

Cambios en Ubuntu

Nuevas características

Unity es ahora la sesión de escritorio predeterminada en Ubuntu. El lanzador de Unity tiene muchas características nuevas, incluyendo arrastrar y soltar para reordenar los iconos del lanzador, soporte completo para navegación por teclado, activación del lanzador mediante combinaciones de teclas, listas rápidas en el menú contextual al pulsar el botón derecho del ratón y cambiar entre aplicaciones en ejecución.

El panel de control de Ubuntu One permite ahora la sincronización selectiva, y el icono del lanzador muestra ahora el progreso de la sincronización. También se ha mejorado la velocidad de sincronización de archivos.

El Centro de software de Ubuntu permite ahora a los usuarios «valorar y reseñar» aplicaciones instaladas, compartir reseñas mediante la integración con servicios de redes sociales añadidas en Gwibber, y otras mejoras de usabilidad.

Los programas de GNOME usan ahora una nueva barra de desplazamiento que ocupa menos espacio en la pantalla.

Aplicaciones actualizadas

Ubuntu 11.04 trae el nuevo Firefox 4.0 como navegador web estándar.

LibreOffice 3.3.2 ha reemplazado a OpenOffice.org en 11.04 como el paquete ofimático predeterminado.

Banshee 2.0 ha reemplazado a Rhythmbox como reproductor de música estándar y se ha integrado en el menú de sonido.

Mejoras en la infraestructura subyacente

11.04 trae un nuevo núcleo basado en el núcleo de la rama estable principal 2.6.38.2. Algunos de sus puntos clave son la aceptación oficial de AppArmor, el soporte para el IPS (Intelligent Power Sharing) de Intel, la eliminación del «Big Kernel Lock», mejoras en los sistemas de archivos Btrfs, Ext4 y XFS, y por supuesto las habituales actualizaciones de controladores y el soporte para hardware nuevo.

X.org 1.10.0 y Mesa 7.10.2 son las nuevas versiones incluidas en 11.04. El servidor X incluye un prototipo de la extensión para entrada multitáctil (XInput 2.1). La biblioteca Qt también incluye un soporte preliminar para entradas multitáctiles.

La cadena de compilación de GNU (GNU toolchain) ha pasado a basarse en gcc 4.5 para las arquitecturas i386, amd64, ARM omap3/omap4 y PowerPC.

Todos los paquetes principales se han compilado y son instalables con Python 2.7.

dpkg 1.16.0-pre se ha actualizado con cambios provenientes de la futura versión 1.16.0 del dpkg de Debian, además de incluir la versión actual del trabajo para multiarquitectura todavía en desarrollo.

Upstart se ha actualizado a la versión 0.9.7-1. Hay un montón de nuevas características: ahora es compatible «chroot», tiene soporte para visualización básica de trabajos/eventos, hay dos nuevos comandos initctl (show-config, check-config), se proporciona un puente para sockets, la última versión de D-Bus ahora permite que Upstart pueda activar servicios de D-Bus, una «stanza» para la configuración manual de trabajos, y soporte para sobreescribir archivos. Puede encontrar más detalles en el documento técnico general de Upstart.

Ubuntu en ARM

Imágenes de Netbook

Las imágenes de Ubuntu Netbook preinstalado para ARM vienen con el nuevo escritorio unity-2D de forma predeterminada, el cual brinda la usabilidad mejorada y el diseño de la interfaz de usuario de Unity en tarjetas gráficas 2D de gama baja.

*Nuevas* imágenes «headless»

Como respuesta a sucesivas peticiones por parte de la comunidad, ahora está disponible una imagen «headless» de Ubuntu para hardware omap3 y omap4. Esta imagen está plenamente definida para ejecutarse y configurarse usando el puerto serie y contiene una instalación mínima en línea de comandos.

Se puede encontrar una lista de características y problemas conocidos de las imágenes ARM aquí.

Ubuntu Server

Nuevas características

Se han incluido cobbler y mcollective, lo que facilitará la implantación de los servidores.

PowerNap 2.0 usa un nuevo método para reducir el consumo de energía y ahora puede monitorizar la actividad del usuario (consola, ratón, teclado), la actividad del sistema (carga, procesadores, E/S de procesos), y actividad de la red local (wake-on-lan, puertos udp y tcp)

El servidor dhcpd predeterminado se ha actualizado de dhcp3 a isc-dhcp (versión 4).

Eucalyptus ahora es la última versión estable (2.0.2) con correcciones de seguridad y eficiencia.

OpenStack (nova) en Universe es una versión preliminar con una instantánea reciente de la versión 2011.2 (Cactus).

Imágenes «cloud»

Ubuntu Server está disponible para UEC y EC2.

cloud-init se ha actualizado a la versión 0.60. Esta versión permite redimensionar el sistema de archivos raíz en el primer arranque, añade un soporte mínimo del transporte OVF (iso) y permite establecer el nombre del equipo durante el primer arranque. Se ha añadido soporte para rightscale en cloud-config y cloud-init.

Las imágenes cloud ahora soportan ejecutarse como un huésped LXC.

Algunas de las tecnologías de soporte que se han empaquetado e incluido son Cassandra 0.7.0, ZeroMQ, Membase y XtraBackup.

Las imágenes han sido verificadas para poder ejecutarse en una nube OpenStack (nova).

Kubuntu

Kubuntu 11.04 incluye lo último en software KDE incluyendo la plataforma KDE y Plasma 4.6.2.

Kubuntu ofrece ahora un módulo de compartición de archivos por Samba que le permite añadir y gestionar comparticiones desde la ventana de Propiedades de las carpetas.

El nuevo módulo de Selector de idiomas le permite añadir, quitar y gestionar idiomas del sistema directamente desde las Preferencias del sistema.

Un system-config-printer-kde actualizado proporciona correcciones a varios fallos de la herramienta de gestión de impresoras de Kubuntu.

Visite http://www.kubuntu.org/news/11.04-release para más información.

Xubuntu

Xubuntu wallpaper has been updated for this release. The wallpaper is designed to integrate well with the new graybird theme.

The installation slide show has been updated for Natty Narwhal, and really displays the best of Xubuntu.

The Elementary Xubuntu icon theme has been updated.

Xubuntu is using the Droid font by default, since it is a lightweight, good visibility font.

The newly released Xfce 4.8 is included. The menus in Xfce 4.8 are now editable with any menu editor that meets the freedesktop.org standards. The suggested editor is alacarte.

Edubuntu

You can test Edubuntu 11.04 directly from your web browser by going at http://www.edubuntu.org/weblive (regular Ubuntu 11.04 is also available).

WebLive is also directly integrated in the Ubuntu Software Center letting you test the most popular apps without installing them on your machine. Just click the "Test drive" button.

The installer now has an additional step allowing users to fine-tune which applications should be installed on the final system.

Edubuntu now ships with Arkose, which provides application sandboxing for downloaded apps.

New software packages in Edubuntu include Pencil, Geogebra, Calibre, LibreCAD, Freemind and Stellarium.

Theming improvements include a new wallpaper, a LDM theme when installing LTSP from the Edubuntu installer. The text-mode boot mode now displays "Edubuntu" instead of "Ubuntu". Our ongoing menu refinements include new icons where they were missing, and more consistent case use in menu entries.

Edubuntu 11.04 ships with the classical Gnome desktop by default but Unity is available as an option in the installer.

For more details on what has changed in Edubuntu 11.04, please refer to http://www.edubuntu.org/news/11.04-release .

Ubuntu Studio

The task selections during installation have been updated. The audio tasks have been parsed into two groups: generation and recording.

Currently, Ubuntu Studio is shipping the -generic kernel. We are working with the Ubuntu Kernel Team to get a -low latency kernel into the archives. An interim -lowlatency kernel is available in Allesio Bogani's PPA.

network-manager has replaced gnome-network-admin.

The packages shipped in Ubuntu Studio are now more focused to support identified tasks and their derived work flows.

Ubuntu Studio does not currently use Unity. As the user logs in it will default to Gnome Classic Desktop (i.e. Gnome2).

Mythbuntu

The Mythbuntu-bare (Backup and Restore for the database and configuration files) Mythbuntu Control Center plugin now has the ability to schedule backups on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis.

Android and iOS devices can now be used as remote controls.

MythTV 0.24 is now integrated into the builds.

Installation

Overview

Preparing your computer for Ubuntu is now much simpler, with a wider range of disk setup options. Each of these are detailed at length to provide you with a clear understanding of the actions that will take place with your selection.

You can now reinstall or upgrade an existing copy of Ubuntu with the Desktop CD installer, provided that your computer is connected to the Internet.

Download Release

11.04 images can be downloaded from a location near you:

In addition, they can be found at the following links:

System Requirements

The minimum memory requirement for Ubuntu 11.04 is 384 MB of memory for Ubuntu Desktop. Note that some of your system's memory may be unavailable due to being used by the graphics card. If your computer has only the minimum amount of memory, the installation process will take longer than normal; however, it will complete successfully, and the system will perform adequately once installed.

The minimum memory requirement for Ubuntu Server 11.04 is 128 MB of memory.

Systems with less memory may be able to select "Install Ubuntu" from the boot menu to run just the installer, rather than the whole desktop, or may be able to use the alternate install CD.

Upgrading

From Ubuntu 10.10

To upgrade from Ubuntu 10.10 on a desktop system, press Alt+F2, type in "update-manager -d" (without the quotes), and press Enter. Update Manager will open up and display the message, "New distribution release '11.04' is available." Click Upgrade and follow the on-screen instructions.

To upgrade from Ubuntu 10.10 on a server system, install the package update-manager-core if it is not already installed. Then execute the command sudo do-release-upgrade -d, and follow the on-screen instructions. Note that the server upgrade is now more robust, and thus will utilize GNU screen and automatically re-attach in case unexpected problems arise, e.g. dropped connection problems.

The same instructions apply to all other editions of Ubuntu (such as Kubuntu, Xubuntu, etc.)

For further information, please see the instructions in :

From Other Ubuntu Releases

Users of other Ubuntu releases need to upgrade first to 10.10, and then to 11.04.

For further information on upgrading to 10.10, please see the instructions in:

Known Issues

Boot, installation and post-install

  • There is a problem creating a bootable 10.04.2 or earlier USB image from Ubuntu 10.10 or 11.04 system. Booting from the USB can be made to work, but using the workaround of typing "help" and pressing Return. (645818)

  • The swap partition appears become unusable during some installations (UUID not set). This issue is under investigation. (709363)

  • The return_to_partitioning function executes and returns as normal, but seemingly fails to properly clean up after partman-commit and initialize partman. (740903)

  • During boot, on the cryptsetup passphrase prompt, every character typed causes a repeat of the prompt. (566818)

  • When making the keyboard layout selection from Ubiquity, cannot get the right selection. (656777)

  • After selecting "Continue testing" rather than "restart now" there is no GUI option to do the restart. (657086)

  • There are some cosmetic effects that need cleaning up on the installation slideshow (529201, 628159) and some translations are missing (644736, 758739).

  • Some systems installed with the root filesystem on an iSCSI disk fail to boot, although this is not reproducible in all cases. (728088)

  • The system occasionally fails to reboot after completing the installation and clicking 'Reboot Now'. (712654)

  • When installing the amd64+mac version, please do not use LVM. Also avoid using multiple linux instances at this time. (745960)

  • Keyboard preseeding that worked in previous versions of Ubuntu no longer works. Instead of console-setup/layoutcode, console-setup/variantcode, console-setup/modelcode, and console-setup/optionscode, you need to preseed keyboard-configuration/layoutcode, keyboard-configuration/variantcode, keyboard-configuration/modelcode, and keyboard-configuration/optionscode respectively. (747854)

  • Selecting "Configure encrypted volumes" in the alternate/server installer initialises encrypted volumes from scratch, and will destroy any encrypted data that was previously present. There is no way to reuse an existing encrypted volume at installation time at the moment, although we do consider this a bug that will be fixed in a future release. (420080)

  • Some users booting machines from the network using PXE, and using the LOCALBOOT facility in Syslinux to hand off to a local hard disk, found that there was no argument that would successfully cause a local boot. Syslinux provides a chain.c32 COM32 image which is less reliant on PXE BIOS implementation details. (625383)

  • Even if no Internet access is available during installation, the desktop CD installer offers checkboxes to install third-party software and software updates. These options may not work properly without Internet access. (651932)

* The manual mount point entry box in the desktop installer's partitioner does not accept keyboard input. The drop-down still works, so various standard mount points may be selected, and copying and pasting within the entry box also works. This was noticed too late to be corrected for 11.04. In the meantime, you can mount partitions manually later, use copy-and-paste, or use the alternate install CD. (769043)

btrfs

The btrfs filesystem is considered experimental in this release. It can generally be installed and used, but with a number of problems. You should only use it if you are comfortable with dealing with problems and helping us resolve them.

  • As the btrfs wiki notes: "Note that Btrfs does not yet have a fsck tool that can fix errors. While Btrfs is stable on a stable machine, it is currently possible to corrupt a filesystem irrecoverably if your machine crashes or loses power on disks that don't handle flush requests correctly. This will be fixed when the fsck tool is ready."

  • Crash trying to install over btrfs partition in live installer. (759503)

  • GRUB cannot detect a btrfs installation within an encrypted disk, and fails to set up the correct kernel parameters. (757631)

  • Other installations of Ubuntu on btrfs will not be detected or added to the boot menu. (764893)

  • If btrfs is used for /boot, then the gap between the start of the disk and the first partition must be more than the traditional 63 sectors. A good modern default is 1 MiB. (774217)

Upgrades from Ubuntu 10.10

  • In some cases (particularly if different kernel parameters from the default are in use), upgrades from Ubuntu 10.10 may prompt to resolve conflicts in the /etc/default/grub configuration file even when it has not been manually changed. Performing a three-way merge should normally be sufficient if presented with this prompt, although you should check afterwards to ensure that /etc/default/grub still looks correct. (759545)

  • If you have manually installed a PAE kernel (for example to make use of >4GB of RAM) and you have also installed the proprietary NVidia drivers, you will have to manually install the package "linux-headers-generic-pae" after the upgrade has completed but before rebooting. Failure to do so will result in a system that hangs at boot. If you do forget to install this package before rebooting, select the "recovery" option from the boot menu to allow you to install this package using "apt-get install linux-headers-generic-pae". See bug 772226.

Graphics and display

  • The -nouveau video driver has had an ABI change but lacked a version number increment. Following Debian we're versioning it as 'libdrm-nouveau1a'. Be aware this can cause difficulties in upgrading/downgrading from PPAs that include libdrm packages.

  • The NVidia-graphics-driver on 8600 GTS cards needs "NoPowerConnectorCheck" option to work. (522588)

  • Video error "[drm:radeon_ttm_backend_bind] *ERROR* failed to bind 1772 pages" during installation (557261 and 656486)

  • On certain systems, a bad interaction between Unity, the GL driver and the kernel may cause the system to hang. (740126)

  • On certain systems, the display may be corrupted after switching resolutions or connecting to an external display under Unity (753971)

  • Under certain conditions, on systems equipped with nvidia GPUs, focused or maximized windows may be blank. (763680)

  • Certain applications like Chromium, Xchat or Opera may expose rendering artifacts. (753369)

Desktop

  • Nautilus keeps opening when ubuntu one plugin is installed. (674876)

  • When starting the live session on a system without 3D support, the GNOME panel is not displayed. As a workaround, you can press Alt+F2 and run gnome-panel --replace. On installed systems you should pick the "Ubuntu Classic (No effects)" session in the login manager. (711378)

  • When switching between windows, Orca does not speak the title of the focused window. (724093)

  • In the classic session gnome-panel sometimes fails to load applets. (716714)

  • On ARM images, the Unity 2D version crashes on various occasions. (739386)

  • Unity may not behave correctly if DRI settings are present in ~/.drirc (745996)

  • Unity does not yet fully support focus-follows-mouse/sloppy-focus/point-to-click. Enabling this feature may cause unexpected behavior (674138)

  • The search feature in Unity does not support ibus input (66377) or dead keys (746761); search results in CJK locales are not supported either (745243) - Those limitations will be addressed in an upcoming update (3.8.14) and will be proposed as SRUs

  • Libreoffice has no minimize/maximize/close buttons. (728927) - An SRU should fix this issue shortly

  • 3rd party lenses may not start correctly at startup. (758839) - A workaround is to restart Unity with unity --replace, while a fix is proposed in an SRU

  • In some cases, the SUPER+1..9 shortcuts don't work. (768076) - As a workaround, start a terminal with CTRL+ALT+T to fix the problem

  • The Dash window may incorrectly appear under a fullscreen window. (763680)

  • Sometimes, the icons of applications authorized to use the legacy systray protocol may appear under the panel. (753369)

  • The "stracciatella GNOME session" uses the new small scrollbars instead of the standard GNOME ones. (766660)

  • The new Ayatana Scrollbars are now enabled by default. Certain applications however are blacklisted, see https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Ayatana/ScrollBars#Blacklist

In general, the recommended HW configuration for running Unity is available at: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DesktopExperienceTeam/UnityHardwareRequirements

Trackpads, touchscreens, mice, and keyboards

  • The -synaptics driver has received a new acceleration mechanism. Trackpad users may notice a significant decrease (or increase) in acceleration as a result. We are investigating configuration options for this new behavior.

  • The -evdev driver no longer provides middle mouse button emulation. 2-button mice that need this functionality are quite rare these days. The emulation mode causes a laggy pointer in cases where emulation is not needed, so this change improves responsiveness for all users. If you have a 2-button mouse that needs this, please see the directions for creating a 2-button mouse quirk. (710762)

  • Trackpads now have kinetic scrolling. If you flick to perform a scroll, then press a keyboard key while kinetic scroll events are generated, unexpected application behavior may result. (728643)

  • The -evtouch driver is not available anymore due to a lack of upstream support. Users are encouraged to switch to the default -evdev driver. Please file a bug report against the -evdev driver for any broken or missing functionality.

Linux kernel

  • Toshiba NB305 hangs for 5 minutes after suspend. Workaround: specify "nohz=off highres=off" as kernel parameters at boot. (508516)

  • ThinkPad BIOS/EC models may have outdated firmware. (745363)

  • On certain hardware, enabling power saving for the SATA link can cause disk errors and data corruption. (539467)

  • On amd64/Mac the main physical screen (iMac display) is detected by the OS radeon driver as output eDP-0, name 'Color LCD', and it is connected but not lit. (542660)

  • X will flicker, and will dmesg: "[drm:drm_edid_block_valid] *ERROR* EDID checksum is invalid". Intermittently the screen may go dark after one of these flickers. This can be worked around by 'sudo get-edid'. (712075)

  • On 32 bit t1.micro server, instance hangs when installing Sun java. (634487)

  • Screenful of errors like "[drm:radeon_ttm_backend_bind] *ERROR* failed to bind 1772 pages" may be seen during a liveCD restart. (656486)

  • Samsung N150 hangs indefinitely after suspend. Workaround: specify "intel_idle.max_cstate=3" as kernel parameter at boot. (640100)

  • 10-30% increase in power consumption. (760131)

Ubuntu Software Center

  • When deauthorize my computer is used, the packages are removed but the sources.list entries are not disabled. (723911)

Ubuntu Server

  • user prompted to update unmodified grub configuration during Ubuntu server upgrade. (759545)

  • Cryptsetup passphrase prompt during boot: every character typed repeats the prompt. (566818)

  • If you have set up Apache with an encrypted SSL key, the system will now prompt for the passphrase on the console during boot. This is different from the behaviour of previous versions which would simply fail to start apache. (582963)

  • PowerNap does not take recover action in PowerSave mode after powernap-now. (768598)

Ubuntu Server for UEC and EC2

  • Installing Java in a 32 bit t1.micro instance will hang, as a work around you may install Java in a t1.small instance and then resize the instance (see comment #13 for details). (634487)

  • User prompted for sudo changes on upgrade in ec2/uec image. (768625)

Ubuntu ARM

  • Due to a bug in the OMAP4 video driver it can happen that the display loses its sync which results in a black screen. To overcome this state switching tty's (ctrl+alt+F1 and switching back to X with ctrl+alt+F7) helps to get your screen back (746133)

  • On the OMAP4 pandaboard the sound initialization does not work properly due to a race condition between udev rules and upstart jobs. Calling "alsaucm set _verb HiFi" and "sudo alsactl store" in a terminal will work around this. An updated alsa-utils package that fixes this issue automatically is being prepared (746023)

  • OMAP3 CPUs dont run at full speed by default. While we set the required mpurate commandline parameter on our images, the values for the different OMAP3 CPUs are not always correct, to work around this you can edit the cmdline in /boot/boot.script and call "sudo flash-kernel", the change will take effect on next reboot (771537)

  • Libreoffice database packages are currently not installable on ARM systems due to missing architecture support in the package metadata, fixed packages are being prepared in the natty-updates repository (770627)

  • The GCC compiler defaults changed shortly before release for the ARM architecture dropping an option that might cause troubles with some binaries. Packages that are locally rebuilt will build without the shrink-wrap option set. Binaries in the archive that have not been tested prior to release might expose issues due to this option (736081)

  • On ARM platforms update-initramfs -c does not update the bootloader. (701698)

Kubuntu

  • During a Wubi install of Kubuntu the second stage of install after the reboot does not show the progress of the install. The install completes regardless and will reboot into Kubuntu. (758614)

  • When restarting Kubuntu Live CD, in a language other than English, errors may be seen on screen before desktop starts. (656486)

  • Existing Kubuntu is listed twice in grub boot page after auto-resize install. (759459)

  • After a new user is created in Kubuntu systemsettings, they will be prompted to change their password when they log in for the first time. There is an issue that prevents the new password from being entered. In order to avoid this problem, the X server needs to be restarted before the new user logs in. After logout, click on the red logout button on the KDM screen and then click on "Restart X Server". Once the KDM login screen returns, the new user should be able to log in normally. (641712)

  • The kernel may panic when trying to install over btrfs partition in live installer. (759503)

  • kded4 defunct after suspend (515138)

Xubuntu

  • There is a bug in the "session-menu" plugin in Xfce4. To reboot or shutdown from VirtualBox, you must logout, then reboot or shutdown from GDM. (711571)

  • When updating Xubuntu 10.10 to 11.04

    • In Xubuntu, update-manager -d fails to allow upgrade from 10.10, the command sudo do-release-upgrade -d is a workaround (756763)

    • The network-manager icon is missing from indicator area after upgrading to Xubuntu 11.04 (759608)

Edubuntu

  • There is no Edubuntu AMD64+mac image for Edubuntu. Users of Apple hardware should use the 32bit version of Edubuntu.

  • A bug in the installer makes the space requirement for Edubuntu to be 14.1GB instead of 6-7GB. (771401)

  • When using Edubuntu 11.04 with LTSP, Unity is always the default session even if it wasn't selected at install time. (770323)

  • The custom Edubuntu installer steps (Unity/LTSP selection and package selection) aren't translated. (771268)

  • The default Edubuntu LTSP environment (including LTSP live) isn't using the system's locale by default. This can be worked around post-installation by setting the "LANGUAGE" parameter to the wanted locale in /var/lib/tftpboot/ltsp/i386/lts.conf (771270)

Ubuntu Studio

  • No issues to report.

Mythbuntu

  • No issues to report.

Other

If you would like to help shape Ubuntu, take a look at the list of ways you can participate at: http://www.ubuntu.com/community/participate .

Your comments, bug reports, patches and suggestions really help us to improve this and future releases of Ubuntu. Instructions can be found at: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ReportingBugs .

NattyNarwhal/ReleaseNotes/es (last edited 2011-05-06 10:16:42 by 84)