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This is Alan Pope with the ninth screencast in the Ubuntu Month of Screencasts.

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All the screencasts in this month can be downloaded from our website,

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which is screencasts.ubuntu.com

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In this screencast we are going to look at installing Ubuntu using a live CD.

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I've called this part 1 because we are going to look at installing via different methods

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in subsequent screencasts.

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Now there's different version of Ubuntu we've talked about in other screencasts,

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there's Ubuntu, Edubuntu, Xubuntu and Kubuntu

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and the installation process is much the same for all of them.

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But the end result is slightly different,

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you get a different look and feel for each of them.

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But pretty much everything I say throughout this screencast holds true for each of them.

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You can get hold of CDs and images of CDs for all of the versions of Ubuntu.

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and go through pretty much the same process to get an install.

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The version of Ubuntu we are going to use is 7.10 Gutsy Gibbon.

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Now, this version isn't actually out yet, it's still under development,

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So this is released in October, which is about a month from now.

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I wouldn't recommend that general users install version 7.10,

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because it is changing a lot, it's under development and things break now and then.

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So I strongly recommend you install 7.04 or 6.06

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or whatever is the current stable version

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at the time that you're watching this screencast.

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And right now that is 7.04 Feisty Fawn or 6.10 or 6.06

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You can get hold of Ubuntu from the Ubuntu website, which is ubuntu.com

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There's a link on the left hand side to Get Ubuntu.

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and you can download it directly from the website

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Alternatively you can order a CD and have it shipped to you.

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And there's a separate website for this

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There is actually a link from the ubuntu.com that says request free CDs

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and you can also get them from ShipIt, shipit.ubuntu.com,

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where you can order a number of CDs

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The CD I am using I actually downloaded from ubuntu.com and burned.

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And then inserted into a PC and booted up.

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And what you will see next is what happens when you first boot off of the Ubuntu live CD

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It's also called the Desktop CD.

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So this is the menu you see and you can

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navigate through the menu with the up and down arrows

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Press enter to select the option you want

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There are also some function keys along the bottom.

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If we press F1, we get some on-line help,

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It tells us what the function keys do

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and also tells you when this CD image was created.

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F2 allows you to choose the language under which the installer will run.

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F3 allows you to change the keyboard layout

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and I'm going to change it to United Kingdom, because that's where I am.

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F4 allows you to change the video resolution.

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This might be useful if your video card is a bit quirky

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and doesn't like the resolution that the system boots up in.

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And F5 gives you some accessibility options.

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For example, there's a high contrast option if your eyesight is not fantastic,

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for example you might want to use that.

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F6 we will come back to in just a minute.

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So the list of options we've got, the first one is "Start or install Ubuntu".

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"Start" means boot in to the live environment and use it,

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"install" means install it to the hard drive and you can do both with that option.

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The second option is useful if you have a dodgy video card that doesn't work very well

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with the Ubuntu system, so maybe you could use that to boot safe graphics mode.

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"Install with a driver update CD" is useful if you have very very new bit of hardware like

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a very new disk controller that's not supported by the standard process.

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"OEM install" is useful for people who are building systems for other people,

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Original Equipment Manufacturers

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and that allows the end user to put in their own details

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like their name and their password,

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on the first time they boot it up.

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"Check CD for defects", well it's pretty obvious what that does,

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it checks to make sure the CD is correct.

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"Memory test" is useful to diagnose problems with memory in the computer,

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which often plague computer users.

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And the last one is "Boot from first hard disk" is useful if you have messed up the

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boot sector on your first hard disk.

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If I press F6 you can see these options appear down the bottom.

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Now these are useful in that you can change these

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and for example someone might recommend to diagnose a problem

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you type in an extra parameter, which you could just type on the end of that line.

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or they might ask for more information by getting rid of the "quiet" and the "splash" 

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I'm just going to boot normally, so I will just press enter.

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Now when you press enter you get this bouncing orange bar as it boots up.

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It takes a little while, I've kind of skipped some time now,

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so we're not going to sit and watch that bouncing backwards and forwards for too long.

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Now it's worth noting that we are booting off of a CD

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and we're running off of a CD,

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so if it feels a bit slow, a bit sluggish that's understandable,

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because you're loading all of your programs from

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a compressed image that's on a slow device.

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A CD is a relatively slow device compared to a hard disk for example.

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So don't think that it's indicative of how fast the system will perform

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when you are using it off of a CD.

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It will be much faster once you have installed Ubuntu on to your hard disk.

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Once it's finished making the progress across the screen,

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you will eventually get the desktop.

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Now in order to fit this on the screen,

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I've had to crop about 80 pixels from the bottom of the screen.

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So there's normally a little panel at the bottom of the screen,

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you can't see it because I had to crop that so that it fits.

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So eventually we get our desktop, it doesn't take too long,

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it's only a couple of minutes or so, on a relatively modern PC.

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If you have an slower, older PC, then you might want to try Xubuntu instead.

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Xubuntu starts with an X and has a more lightweight windowing system.

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Okay so we are booted up and over here you can see there is an icon

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to install Ubuntu on to the hard drive.

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We can actually just use the system as it is,

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booting directly from the CD and use the applications that are installed

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But as the subject of this screencast is to install Ubuntu,

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I am going to run the installer.

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Now the installer gives us a warning,

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reminding us that this is not the final release of version 7.10

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So you shouldn't really use it on a productive system.

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It also recommends that you take a full backup of any valuable data.

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Now I'm going to be installing on a completely blank, brand new 100GB disk,

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so there's nothing on it, I'm happy that that's okay.

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When you press forward you have the option of going to the release notes

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and I have Internet access here, the little icon in the top right is the Network Manager

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that says I've got network access.

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So I could click this button and it would fire up the web browser 

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and I could view the release notes for this version,

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but I'm not going to do that.

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I can choose the language that I want the installer to run in and click forward.

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The choose the region that I am in and the nearest city to me.

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This is so that we can get the time zone and clock correct.

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So I click on London, which is the nearest city to me

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and you can see it has chosen BST, which is my local time zone

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and the current time is correct.

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Click forward and now it asks me what keyboard layout I'm using.

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Notice it's picked up United Kingdom,

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because of the options I've chosen earlier on.

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And there may be multiple keyboard layouts within your region,

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and you can try them out by typing characters in here.

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You can try various characters that you know 

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are sometimes on the wrong place on your keyboard,

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if you have the wrong layout.

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and then choose forward when you are happy with the layout you've got.

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Now it starts the partitioner, which is thing that a lot of new people to

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Linux and Ubuntu have trouble with.

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So we will cover this in a little bit of detail.

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Now remember I've got one 100GB disk, it's a completely blank disk.

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and the defaults I have here is to wipe the entire disk.

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and for Ubuntu to partition the disk and use that entire disk.

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The second option is manual partitioning, which is what we are going to use.

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There is actually a third option that appears,

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if you've already got an operating system installed.

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If I for example have Windows on this system,

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It would give me the option of resizing the Windows partition down.

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I am going to use manual.

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Now when I choose manual and go forward,

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you can see here, it notes the device that I have is /dev/sda.

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sda means the first hard disk.

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a being the first one, b being the second and so on.

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Now this is a brand new clean hard disk, so I need to create a new partition table,

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because this disk has never had any information on it.

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So I hit the new partition table button and then click continue.

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You wouldn't have to this if the disk had ever been used before

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or it had a partition table already on it.

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So now we have, sda has a chunk of free space.

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and it's about 100GB of free space.

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Now I get the option to create a new partition.

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Now in the text just below that it tells you what it recommends

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a 2GB root partition, for / being the root mount point.

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and some swap as well.

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Now the default is to use the entire disk, starting from the beginning of the disk.

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Now we will change this size here, it's measured in Megabytes

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I'll change that and make it smaller, I'll make it 10GB or something like that.

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You can choose whether the partition sits at the beginning,

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the front of the disk or at the end of the disk.

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And also the partition type, the default is EXT3,

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which is a journaling file system.

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It's pretty reliable, robust and used very widely.

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EXT2 is another variant of EXT3 without the journaling.

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Other options include Reiserfs, which is going down in popularity at the moment.

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JFS. XFS is popular in media center computers,

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where you have very large files, like TV programs for example.

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FAT32 is popular on Windows and also with USB sticks

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and USB hard drives that you want to interchange between

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Windows and non-Windows platforms.

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I'm just going to choose EXT3 though.

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And you'll notice there are no mount points defined.

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So the mount point I'm going to use is /

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which is root, the top level of the disk hierarchy.

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And I'm going to change the amount of size, in MBs,

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so that it's not 100GB, because that's too much.

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I'm just going to give it 10GB or there abouts.

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I've just lopped the last number off, so it makes it roughly 10GB.

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And when I hit Ok, you can see there, it does a little bit of a calculation

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And we should see the first partition, the first partition on the first disk.

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So the first disk is /dev/sda and the first partition will be number 1.

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So it should be, /dev/sda1 will be the first partition.

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You can see there it's a 10GB partition, it needs formatting,

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it's going to be mounted as root, which is that slash (/).

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And the partition type is EXT2, it's going to be formatted as a...

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Err sorry, EXT3. It's going to be formatted as an EXT3 partition,

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And we have got ~90GB of free space, so let's create another partition,

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Now the notes down here says it needs a swap partition of at least 256 MB

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Swap is (in simplistic terms) an extension

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of the physical memory you have in your computer.

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So I'm just going to use 1GB swap,

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This machine has 1GB RAM, so I'm going to give it 1 GB of swap.

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Depends on who you ask, some people say you should have twice the amount of RAM as swap,

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some people say half, some people say none.

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I'm not going to go in to that, I'll just create one of the same amount.

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So now that I've created a swap part you can see the mount point is blank,

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because I don't need to mount that at a certain point in the directory tree.

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So we should have a second partition now,

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which will be /dev/sda2 and that will be swap.

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Now that's all I need to actually install Ubuntu is a root partition and a swap partition.

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But I'm going to create a third partition to put all of my files in.

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So I'm going to have 10GB root, that's for all the system files,

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libraries and all that kind of stuff.

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But I'm also going to have another partition for my home directory,

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which is where all the bulk of my data will be.

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All my documents and TV programs that I have recorded

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and audio files I may have downloaded.

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So I've got a nice big chunk of space there, ~90GB or so.

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and I'm going to make that EXT3

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and it's going to be mounted as /home.

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Which means that all the users on this system,

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their home directories will be under that path.

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So there will be ~96GB of space to share amongst all my users.

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And the system gets 10GB for it's use.

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Of course this can be re-configured later on and you could re-size things later on.

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But this would be a good start.

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There's an extra benefit of this, which is I could re-install the operating system on sda1

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and that won't touch all of my files that are in my home directory,

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which will be on sda3, the third partition that it is about to create.

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So there we have it, we now have three partitions sda1, sda2 and sda3.

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sda1 is my root, sda2 is swap

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and sda3 is my home directories with plenty of space.

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The two EXT3 partitions are going to be formatted.

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So it's not too difficult, so long as you get the sizes right and the right mount points.

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Let's move on.

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Now the migration tool is useful if you already have Windows installed on this PC,

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I don't, but if I did it would give me the opportunity of migrating things like email,

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browser favorites and other documents from the My Documents folder and so on,

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on the Windows partition and bring those into my Ubuntu partition.

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It's very good Migration tool, very useful.

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Next it wants to know my name, now this is going to be the first person,

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the first user id that gets created on the system

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and this will have some administrative rights, which could be changed later on.

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So I'll fill in a username and password.

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You can add additional users later as well, of course.

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This will just be the first user.

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And we give the computer a name.

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So this is going to be my hostname on the network,

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so this is how my computer appears on the network.

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Click next.

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And that's all the questions it asks you,

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The rest is just a summary of what it says it's going to do,

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so at the top here we can see the language settings,

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the user that it's going to create and the region.

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The migration assistant isn't being used because I don't have Windows on this machine.

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It's a blank disk.

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And then it gives a summary of what it's going to do to the disk.

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So we're going to have three partitions /, swap and /home.

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And there's an Advance button over here,

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where we can specify the boot loader.

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The boot loader is a program called Grub, it's the menu you first see,

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Sometimes you don't see it because it counts down for a few seconds and then disappears.

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But it's the first thing you see when you boot up your Ubuntu system.

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and you can choose which disk you install that boot loader on.

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So if you had multiple disks you can choose which disk it goes on,

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hd0 being the first disk.

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There's also an option here to switch on the popularity contest.

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Popularity Contest or sometimes just known as popcon,

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is a tool that records which applications you have

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and submits that back to Ubuntu, so that they can 

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well basically know the popularity of the applications that users are using.

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It doesn't really record what you use, just which ones you install.

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So I've ticked that box and I click forward and now the installation starts.

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Now I'm skipping forward in time a little bit here

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I'm cheating a little.

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Something that's worth noting is that you can go off and use the system.

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But it will slow the system down a little bit, while you're installing and using it.

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Another thing that's useful to know is this package manager here,

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you can install additional software before you start the installtion to disk.

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So you're running off of a read only medium, the CD,

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you can actually software in to memory

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and then start the installation on to the hard disk.

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And whatever you install into memory will then be installed on the hard disk.

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Which is quite a useful feature.

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So what will happen is, if we go and look at the file system

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that's currently in use on this live running environment.

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If I double-click the file system option,

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you can see all these folders here contain the files

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that will be dropped on to the hard disk.

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And if I were to run the Synaptic Package Manager

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and install software, it would be installed into those folders.

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and then those folders would be dropped on to the hard disk,

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and then I would end up with that software kind of pre-installed if you like.

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So now it's going through formatting the partitions.

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There are a little large so it's going to take a little while to format those.

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Now of course you don't have to have a separate /home partition,

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but as I said it useful to do that, because later on I could decide to

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change the version of Ubuntu I'm using

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or even completely change distribution.

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I might decide I don't like Ubuntu and I want to change to

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Debian or Red Hat or Fedora or something else.

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And you could install the replacement operating system

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in the first partition, the root partition

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and it would leave your /home partition alone.

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It wouldn't touch your /home partition.

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and the benefit of that is of course all your data stays intact.

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All your settings stay intact as well.

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So if you install software under that new distribution,

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It should just carry on working, subject to some limitations,

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as it did under your previous installation.

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It's a very useful way of partitioning the disk up.

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Some people partition the disk even further and have multiple partitions for

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/, /var, /tmp. /home and so on and so on.

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But these days with disks being very large and plenty of space.

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That's not so common.

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One of the reasons people tend to do it is to ensure that for example

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a log file that builds up in the /var directory doesn't cause the system

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to completely run out of disk space and then cause problems for the user.

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So we're getting towards the end of the installation now.

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Depending upon the hardware specification of your PC,

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this could take up to maybe half an hour,

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 maybe even an hour on a fairly slow system.

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You need to have really at least 256MB of RAM

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to be able to boot off the live environment and install.

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Ideally you would have more than 256MB of RAM,

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because you need to have the live environment running

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and this installer program, which is called Ubiquity.

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That's the installer that we're running right now.

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If you have less than 256MB of RAM,

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then you might want to try the alternate CD,

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which we will cover in the next screencast.

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So that's it, the installation has finished,

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if we want to we can continue to use the live environment.

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If you are in the middle of editing documents and so on, you can just carry on doing so.

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and you could save those documents on to a USB stick

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or save them on to the local partitions that you have now formatted.

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Alternatively you could, if you haven't got any documents open,

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or any files open you can just hit the Restart now button.

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And it will shutdown, ask you to eject the CD

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and then when you reboot the first thing you should see graphic-wise

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is the logon screen, which is this screen here.

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I type in my user name and password and hopefully we should get the desktop up.

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There we go and it's much quicker than when it boots off of the CD,

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because we are now booting off the hard drive, which is orders of magnitude faster.

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So this is booted now to version 7.10 Gutsy.

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and here we've got our Applications, Places and System menus,

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which we have covered in previous screencasts.

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And over on the right-hand side

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we've got a notification that there's some software updates.

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So the CD that I downloaded, since that CD was pressed

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there have been, how many? 96 updates made to Ubuntu.

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Because this is the development version, it's changing rapidly.

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There's a fast user switching tool there,

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we have the little applet for doing searches,

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we have Network Manager,

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sound control and all kinds of other really groovy stuff

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that we will cover in other screencasts.

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So that's basically it for installing Ubuntu from a live CD.

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I hope that was useful.

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You can find further screencasts on our website,

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screencasts.ubuntu.com