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This is a screencast about Xubuntu,

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however you like to say it.

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Xubuntu is a flavor of Ubuntu that features the XFCE desktop,

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which typically requires fewer system resources,

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less fast processor, less RAM, things like that.

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and is therefore really popular for users of old machines.

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So if you are trying to get Ubuntu on to a lower spec machine,

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older components, this is a great one to try out.

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You can find their web page at xubuntu.org,

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which of course features all the different CDs that you can download

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in the usual way.

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For this demo I will use the 7.04, which is the Feisty Fawn edition.

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You an choose which country best suites your downloading needs.

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In this case since I'm in the US, I'll choose the United States.

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And once you've gotten into that site,

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you can choose what kind of CD you want to download.

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Now it kind of depends on the Xubuntu bean for spec machines.

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You may want to think about this for a moment,

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If it's a very very old machine, you might need what's called the alternate install CD.

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For the less old machines you can go ahead and get the normal desktop CD.

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But if you really feel like this is a pre-2000-ish machine

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and you still want to try to get Ubuntu on there,

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you would be amazed at how well Ubuntu runs on these very very old machines.

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But sometimes it is better to go out and get the alternate CD,

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which has a few more options about installation,

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which actually we will go into in this screencast.

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So I'm going to get both actually.

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But we'll start out with the normal installation.

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So downloading this and burning it to CD is covered in previous screencasts.

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Not necessarily Xubuntu, but the normal Ubuntu.

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And so it's kind of something I won't cover here,

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because there's a previous screencast about this.

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One on burning it with Nero

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and one on burning it on some other application out of Windows, 

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if you're switching over.

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So I'll get out of that and I'm going to reboot the system,

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so that we can go from a fresh boot with a whole new install.

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So here we've rebooted the system and this is the first screen that you will see.

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You've got a couple of different options there is the start or install Xubuntu

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if you just want to try it out, if this is your first time trying out Ubuntu,

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or if you're just curious about the XFCE desktop,

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you can always run it off the CD.

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It will obviously run a little bit slower than it would if it was on your hard drive,

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because it is reading everything from a CD.

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But it's a good way to experience the environment.

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You can start Xubuntu in what's called the safe graphics mode,

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which basically takes the lowest possible, catch all graphic mode,

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so that no matter what screen you have, it will show you a graphic.

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What I typically do is I just hit F4

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and you can choose from the different displays from that menu that you're seeing now.

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The one I've had the most success with is 800x600,

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with, this is very important, 16 bit depth.

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Sometimes, if you try something higher like a 24 bit depth

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or certainly a higher resolution,

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if your monitor is too old it just, it won't be recognized.

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So that's what I typically do.

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Having set that, I then start the disc.

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Now if you want to not do this, if you change your mind

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or if you've accidentally left the CD in the drive

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and you just want to boot from your hard disk,

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you can boot from the hard drive.

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But we're going to start up off the CD, we've set our resolution,

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so we hit that and it loads the Linux kernel

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and it boots up the system a little bit something like this.

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Now understand that on older spec machines

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this CD is going to attempt to auto-detect the configuration

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and one of the main things it needs to auto-detect,

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especially on the older systems, is the monitor.

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and what kind if graphic ability you've got.

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So if you're not having a good result with the main CD,

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then you might want to try the alternate CD,

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because it's a lot easier of an install,

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requires a lot less.

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Well it's a harder install, but it requires less of your computer.

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So this is the main XFCE desktop and this is running off the CD,

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so it's a little bit slower than it would be.

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But it's got the Thunar file manager, rather than Nautilus

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or if you're coming from PC, the Windows Explorer.

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And you can play around with it and explore what it does have.

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And then once you've decided that you like what you see,

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you can just click on the install.

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And the default or main installer with Xubuntu is really quite friendly.

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It's very graphical, easy to navigate through and it's almost self-explanatory.

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So I'll kind of go through it quickly, the first screen.

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And again you just have to keep in mind that since it's running off a CD

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it's not touching the hard drive at all, 

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everything's being read just as fast as the CD can turn.

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So it's not as fast as off of a hard drive.

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So here's the list of your language that you want to install

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Choose that from the menu and then you can choose your time zone

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lots of different time zones for wherever you are.

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I'll choose New York.

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Now this is important because this is your keyboard,

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so you can choose whatever keyboard you've got.

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Now it's going to scan for hard drive and look at the hard drive.

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Now the hard drive I'm installing this on to pretty much

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is just a completely new hard drive.

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I mean it's not new, but I wiped it clean of any kind of system.

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And since it is an older machine it's a very small hard drive.

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And I'm just going to go and use the whole drive.

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and I think typically if you're doing Xubuntu,

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that's probably what you're going to be doing,

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because you're probably not running like Windows on the other partition.

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you know, on the hard drive with any great success.

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So you might as well... At least for me, when I'm doing this typically I just go ahead

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and go for the whole hard drive and that makes it easy.

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But if you need more information about about partitioning hard drives and things like that,

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there is a separate screencast on that kind of stuff, so you can do that.

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So now on this setup we are setting up the initial user.

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The first thing it will ask you for is your name

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and that'll the name you want the system to know you as.

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The other name for your login is the actual login name.

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you can choose a password, I just choosing some really basic stuff here,

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because this is just a demo machine.

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And now it's ready to install and it will give us a little summary.

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So it's your chance to look over what you have chosen,

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and make sure that's really what you want.

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And up until now nothing has actually been written to the hard drive.

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So you can still bail out.

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But now I've hit install, so now it's starting to process the installation.

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And it'll take a while even though it's a small hard drive.

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You know, it's going to install a fair amount of software,

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it's got to erase the drive first and all kinds of stuff

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So I'm going to sort of fast forward us through this process.

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And so far we've had really good luck with this.

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So on really really old systems, this just might not work out for you.

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But that does not mean that there's no hope

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and in a short time we will do the alternate install.

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And you'll see although you have to get in there and do a little bit of extra work,

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it's actually not that hard, it's surprisingly easy in fact

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and we'll do that.

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Okay so through the magic of screencasting, I have advanced the installation process.

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And it is here reminding us to go ahead and either restart or continue to use the CD.

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If you're still playing around with the system

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or you want to keep looking through it or something.

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you can continue looking through the CD or using the CD rather

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and when you've finished you can logout.

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You'll want to make sure you eject this CD after you reboot or shutdown,

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because otherwise your computer will boot off the CD again.

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Okay the machine is now restarting.

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Okay the machine has rebooted and it'll take a moment to get up to speed here.

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But there we go, now it's started the graphic user interface

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and it gives us the prompt to login.

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So remember this is the name and password that we set during installation.

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And assuming we know that information it will kick us into the desktop.

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So this is the XFCE 4 desktop

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Again it's pretty much what we saw before when we were working with the CD,

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except no installation button.

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But it should look fairly similar, it's got the usual file manager kind of setup,

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it's called Thunar.

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So that's where you'll find all of your data files that you create and save.

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And then up in the upper left hand corner under the little XFCE window,

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you've got all your system settings,

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which are fairly similar to the normal Ubuntu system settings.

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And there's a separate screencast on how to customize your computer, like the desktop

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and how to get online and things like that.

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So it's pretty simple and pretty well covered on other screencasts.

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It's more of just an aesthetic thing when it comes down to where to find things.

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I mean it's typically the same idea, there are different programs,

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and all the main programs you need to do your hard work.

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You know, there's multimedia programs to watch your movies.

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There's a word processing program to do your office work, to write letters.

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Just type in a quick note.

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I don't think I'll save that one.

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So it's a really robust system as you can see,

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I mean it's got everything you typically need

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and obviously you can always add more with the Synaptic Package Manager,

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just like in Ubuntu.

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And it's attractive and nice, you'll find that just because it is a simpler,

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it just doesn't have really any fancy effects

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it's not a very complex desktop system

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and that just saves a lot of work for your main processor.

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It doesn't demand as much out of your system RAM

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and I think you'll be amazed.

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I was really pleased that my very old computer that I had lying around

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basically not being used, nothing was on it.

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I threw Xubuntu on there and it runs really well.

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So let's assume that you have a computer so old

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that the normal install of Xubuntu did not work.

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In that case, we will shut this down

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and we'll boot up off the alternate installation disc.

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So the first screen that you'll see is very much like the first one,

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except that you've different options.

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You've got the Install in Text Mode, you've got a text mode install for manufacturers.

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So if you're building a system and you need to customize it, you can do that.

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And then there's install a command line system, which you don't probably want to do.

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I think by default the F4 setting is VGA,

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which is the generic whatever monitor there happens to be,

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as long as there's a monitor it will show you.

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This is a very basic installer, it's not as pretty as the other one.

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but believe me it's easy, it's not frightening at all

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To navigate it's the up and down arrow,

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hit return to accept something,

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and the side arrows to select either the yes or the no and things like that.

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So here it's just asking me to press a key on my keyboard,

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so it can identify if I've got a keyboard hooked up to this computer.

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And then it asks me if there are certain keys on my keyboard,

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it's just trying to help me help it identify what keyboard I'm using,

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what system I'm actually using.

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And you just keep clicking through, I mean it's a really simple installer

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it's just not as pretty as the other one,

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but it's asking us basically the same information.

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Again the right and left arrow for the yes and no,

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return to accept.

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So now it's detecting the hardware.

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So it's looking for the CD-ROM drive first.

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Found that.

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It's loading some additional components for the installation.

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And this is actually a fairly quick process itself.

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There's a lot of auto-configuration that it can do.

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I have this system plugged into a network by an Ethernet cable.

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So it actually is, it's doing most of the configuration on it's own.

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Right here it's asking to give the computer a name, basically.

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It really, it's pretty arbitrary, you don't have to give it anything special.

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Don't use spaces or any weird characters.

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And again this is the partitioning portion of it

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and again I think that for an Xubuntu system,

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since you're probably doing it on an older machine,

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you probably don't, you're probably not really going to be partitioning a disk.

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You're probably doing this to resurrect a machine.

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Not use Xubuntu in conjunction with another operating system.

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At least that's how it's been in my case lately.

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But if you do need to partition a fancier partitioning table,

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you can watch one of the previous screencasts on partitioning

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and that will explain all of that kind of stuff.

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Timezone selection, choose your timezone.

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This is the timezone selection you can choose whatever timezone you are in.

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This is where we are setting up our username and the password.

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So do this carefully, this is your username and your password,

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so you want it to be good.

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And this is the beginning of the installation,

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this is what it will do for the next couple of minutes.

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And I think I'm going to magically make this happen faster than it really would.

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And now it's finished, magically.

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And so I'm going to go ahead and press continue

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It's finishing up, it's going to eject the disk for me

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and I'll take that before I restart.

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And once I've restarted my new login screen is this.

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Now this may look a little bit scary to you because,

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well there's no graphic interface yet.

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And to get a graphic interface you typically would type startx.

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But as you can see it can't start X yet because it doesn't know what X is.

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Getting all these components is very easy, it's just text.

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And you can certainly do this,

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watch this screencast while you're setting up your system and it will be very easy.

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The first you'll want to get is the desktop environment itself.

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So you type in sudo apt-get install xfce4,

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so that's sudo apt-get install xfce4

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and that will attempt to download it from the repository.

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Now the problem is right now that the repository that it thinks it needs is your CD-ROM.

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But the CD-ROM that we obtained doesn't have the repository,

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the information that we need on it.

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So what can do is type in this code, which will change our directory 

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to a folder called /etc/apt.

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We can go into apt and then we can type in this command

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sudo pico source.list

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and that takes us into a little text editor

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It's very easy to understand, you just kind of arrow down about 4 lines. 

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and add a hash symbol or a pound symbol

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right in front of this line that says CD-ROM.

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And once you've done that there's not really anything else in here that needs to be done

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everything else is okay.

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Everything with a hash mark...

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Everything with a hash symbol in front of it is a comment.

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And those commands down at the bottom with all the highlighted letters,

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those are the commands we can use in this little text editor.

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So to save this, it's called write out.

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So you hit the Ctrl key and the o key.

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So as we said Ctrl + o

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and that will ask us if we want to save it back to our disk.

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And then you press return and then you hit Ctrl + x, to get out, to exit.

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And now we can type in sudo apt-get xfce4.

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And now that's looking online via my Ethernet cable and the Internet

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for the XFCE desktop environment.

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And it does it all for you, I mean it's just that simple.

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So if you're not afraid to do a little bit of typing,

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this process is fairly painless.

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Ok so it's installed that, so now we're going to sudo apt-get install xorg.

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It's xorg, all one word.

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Ok, so once it's installed, it will bring up a configuration menu for us.

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And up at the top are a very very high resolution

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for really new monitors and new graphic cards.

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And way down at the bottom are the ones we're probably looking at.

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I happen to know this computer pretty well

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and I know that the 1024x768 resolution is not going to happen on it.

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The 800x600 I definitely know works.

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640x480 I know works, I'm gonna hit the right arrow to get over to my Ok.

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And I'll press Ok, return rather.

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And now I need to set up some preferences in regards to our video display,

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to really help this along.

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So I'm going to change directory in to my /etc/X11 directory.

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And that's actually a capital X.

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And now I'm going to sudo pico xorg.conf

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and now we are in this text editor again.

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And again it's really easy to navigate through,

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you just press the down arrow to go line by line

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or ctrl + v to do sort of a page down kind of thing.

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And what we're looking for is a section where it lists all the resolutions

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and bit depths for our screen.

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There's a lot of information in this file.

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But the one we are really interested in right here is default depth.

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See how it's in section Screen, it's identifying that as the default screen.

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The default depth is 24, I've had a lot of problems with that in the past.

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So I go ahead and set it to 16.

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And that typically really insures that I get the graphic user interface,

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the gui up and running quickly, because I just find that on older monitors,

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a bit depth of 24 is just too much for it and it won't work.

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So Ctrl+o to save that and Ctrl+x to get out of it

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and I'm going to clear the screen.

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And now if I hit startx this is the first thing I see

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and this is our graphic user interface.

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So as you can see it's a bit more dumbed down than what we got on the other CD.

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But it's all very customizable.

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and the first place to start is up here in the corner,

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that's the bar that we can create into more of what it looked like on the other CD.

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You can position it anywhere you like,

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on a lot of XFCE desktops you'll find it right down at the bottom.

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and you can do that.

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You can set one up down at the bottom and one up at top, whatever you want.

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And then if you right-click on the bar itself, you can start adding items to the panel.

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So the first thing I'll add is that little XFCE menu that we had on the other one.

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And that's a good place to be able to access all your applications and your settings,

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so it's a handy one to have and you can move that around

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and you can keep adding to it.

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Another good thing to have on your panel is a clock.

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That's always a nice feature, you can choose what kind of display you want,

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you've got digital or more of a LED look or the analogue.

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I prefer the digital and I like seconds to be ticking.

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And actually I'm going to move this over,

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so if you click on the move then you can drag it to where you want,

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and click to release it.

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And you can keep adding things.

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Another nice thing to have on there are the pictures of all the screens that you've got,

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because on Linux you can have multiple desktops.

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You can view it in a little square, you can see it in a big row,

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I find it kinda handy to see it in a row.

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See what else we can add.

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It's kind of handy to have a show desktop button,

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because that way if you...

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I'm going to go ahead and remove this little launcher there,

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If you have a lot of programs open you can click on the desktop

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and it just shows you the desktop.

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And the task list is very handy because this will show you

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all of the applications that you have open,

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that you have minimized and things like that.

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It's quite handy.

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And again you can move everything, so I'm going to move this more to the left,

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just because that is what I'm used to on Ubuntu systems.

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And the other thing that I like to have in my panel is a trash.

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Gotta have the trash.

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And of course I don't want it there, I like it more on the end,

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like on all the Ubuntu systems.

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So I'll put it there.

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And like I say you can make a top kicker.

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And of course you can make a top panel

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and customize it pretty much however you want.

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You can change the background of the desktop,

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And this again, it's got your little file manager in there.

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It's got what they call Thunar, that will get you in to your home folder,

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let you access all your data,

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have a look around.

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Right now this is a bare bones system, it doesn't really have a lot on it.

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So what you'll want to do is you'll want exit the XFCE graphic environment

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and you'll want to do a whole lot more sudo apt-getting

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and as you can see in this menu right now,

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basically all we've got are settings for the desktop

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and that's not a whole lot.

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So I'm going to quit out of it.

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and what I would do is I would go here

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and you could just sudo apt-get install any number of programs.

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sudo apt-get install... for instance if you are doing word processing,

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you're probably going to want a program called Abiword.

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They're all free of course

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and I think you'll be very pleased with their performance overall.

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So this has been the Xubuntu installation screencast for lower spec machines.

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I hope that you have found it very helpful.

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I hope that you can resurrect that old computer that you've got sitting around.

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Who knows what you'll be able to do with it, with Xubuntu on there.

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You can find more screencasts at screencasts.ubuntu.com

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And you can always request that we cover another topic,

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again at screencasts.ubuntu.com

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And you can even get involved and make your own at some point, if you feel up to it.

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Either way thanks for joining me and I hope you've enjoyed it.