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Attachment '20070911_updating_and_upgrading_en.srt'
Download1 00:00:00,141 --> 00:00:00,242 2 00:00:01,477 --> 00:00:06,389 This is Alan Pope with the eleventh screencast in the Ubuntu Month of screencasts. 3 00:00:06,589 --> 00:00:10,599 All the screencasts in this month can be downloaded for free from our website, 4 00:00:10,732 --> 00:00:14,209 which is screencasts.ubuntu.com 5 00:00:14,616 --> 00:00:19,307 In this screencast we are going to look at updating and upgrading the system. 6 00:00:19,428 --> 00:00:23,440 First of all we will look at applying some updates to a system. 7 00:00:23,602 --> 00:00:29,249 Now this system is running Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake 8 00:00:29,410 --> 00:00:32,633 and you can see here, we have some updates waiting. 9 00:00:32,801 --> 00:00:37,935 The little orange icon shows there are 16 updates pending 10 00:00:38,073 --> 00:00:42,629 Now that little orange icon, if I click on it will start the update manager. 11 00:00:42,808 --> 00:00:49,985 Which you can also get to from System -> Administration -> Update Manager. 12 00:00:50,183 --> 00:00:56,585 The Update Manager is the tool that allows us to update and upgrade the system 13 00:00:56,724 --> 00:00:59,998 and also perform a distribution upgrade. 14 00:01:00,108 --> 00:01:03,239 That is to upgrade the system from one release to another. 15 00:01:03,343 --> 00:01:07,407 Right now we're just going to apply some updates. 16 00:01:07,528 --> 00:01:11,811 Along with that we also have the Software Properties application. 17 00:01:12,001 --> 00:01:16,850 Which in later releases of Ubuntu is called Software Sources. 18 00:01:17,044 --> 00:01:22,938 We need our password to run these, because they make fundamental changes to the system 19 00:01:23,089 --> 00:01:27,477 and so for our own protection we need a password. 20 00:01:27,984 --> 00:01:34,385 Software Preferences here show us the various channels as they are called in 6.06 21 00:01:34,574 --> 00:01:39,268 and these are repositories where software can be downloaded from. 22 00:01:39,401 --> 00:01:43,042 And over here on the right we have buttons to manage these channels. 23 00:01:43,177 --> 00:01:48,038 We can add additional channels, remove them, edit existing channels 24 00:01:48,158 --> 00:01:51,730 and also add CD-ROMS. 25 00:01:52,813 --> 00:01:58,217 We can switch off certain channels and turn them back on again. 26 00:01:59,767 --> 00:02:01,806 By switching off a channel, 27 00:02:01,906 --> 00:02:05,591 you stop the system being able to get updates from that channel. 28 00:02:05,691 --> 00:02:08,904 You stop software updates coming from there. 29 00:02:09,070 --> 00:02:15,581 If we click edit, you can see that each channel is further divided into components 30 00:02:15,747 --> 00:02:20,387 and these components relate to the main, restricted, universe 31 00:02:20,487 --> 00:02:23,097 and multiverse repositories. 32 00:02:23,300 --> 00:02:26,112 So within one channel we have a number of components, 33 00:02:26,243 --> 00:02:31,701 which groups together software based on certain criteria about the software, 34 00:02:31,839 --> 00:02:39,526 such as their supportability or their license. 35 00:02:42,003 --> 00:02:45,070 Again we can switch off the individual components. 36 00:02:45,176 --> 00:02:47,875 You may want only officially supported software, 37 00:02:47,975 --> 00:02:53,009 in which case you could switch off the other three components, 38 00:02:53,143 --> 00:02:57,309 leaving only officially supported and then tick the others 39 00:02:57,444 --> 00:03:02,713 as and when you choose you want to add software from those repositories. 40 00:03:02,831 --> 00:03:07,978 But once you switch one of these on, it makes sense to leave it switched on, 41 00:03:09,707 --> 00:03:13,096 You can see the components there are called main, restricted, 42 00:03:13,196 --> 00:03:16,092 universe and multiverse. 43 00:03:16,617 --> 00:03:20,910 All I did there was click the Custom button. 44 00:03:26,220 --> 00:03:29,286 We can add additional channels 45 00:03:29,624 --> 00:03:36,721 and by clicking custom I can paste in here a line for a third party repository. 46 00:03:37,026 --> 00:03:43,394 You'll see that in the next screencast, installing applications. 47 00:03:45,325 --> 00:03:50,507 Now you can see here we have the many different channels 48 00:03:50,612 --> 00:03:53,759 There's a channel here for updates to software. 49 00:03:53,892 --> 00:03:57,824 There's one for backports, which is software that's been 50 00:03:58,433 --> 00:04:02,769 ported back to this version of Ubuntu from a higher release. 51 00:04:02,869 --> 00:04:07,953 This is 6.06 and this channel contains software 52 00:04:08,053 --> 00:04:12,186 that has been ported back from a higher release of Ubuntu. 53 00:04:12,609 --> 00:04:16,687 There's another one here that I've manually added in here, dapper-proposed. 54 00:04:16,788 --> 00:04:22,229 This is for packages that have been maybe updated in some way 55 00:04:22,331 --> 00:04:24,973 and they are not in the main repository yet. 56 00:04:25,082 --> 00:04:29,683 They're just in there being tested by people who have that repository enabled. 57 00:04:29,807 --> 00:04:33,638 And finally there's the security updates channel where 58 00:04:33,747 --> 00:04:40,487 updates to packages that have had security vulnerabilities for example get put. 59 00:04:41,063 --> 00:04:44,891 You'll notice also that all of mine have Binary next to them. 60 00:04:45,007 --> 00:04:49,684 I don't have repositories for source code to download, 61 00:04:49,830 --> 00:04:52,245 if I wanted to I could add those in 62 00:04:52,345 --> 00:04:54,360 and that would allow me download the source code 63 00:04:54,460 --> 00:04:58,271 for any application in the repositories. 64 00:04:59,050 --> 00:05:02,657 The system checks for updates on a regular basis, 65 00:05:02,827 --> 00:05:05,483 mine is set to check every day 66 00:05:05,583 --> 00:05:07,586 and if there are any updates 67 00:05:07,686 --> 00:05:12,718 the little orange icon in the top right of the screen will be displayed, 68 00:05:12,955 --> 00:05:14,484 as you can see there. 69 00:05:14,936 --> 00:05:18,832 We can get it to download updates in the background, but not actually install them. 70 00:05:18,949 --> 00:05:22,659 That's useful if you leave your PC on, you can download the updates, 71 00:05:22,761 --> 00:05:25,454 and then when you get back to your desk and you click the update, 72 00:05:25,554 --> 00:05:28,740 it will install them from the local cache. 73 00:05:28,909 --> 00:05:34,041 And there's an extra option here for installing security updates without confirmation. 74 00:05:34,142 --> 00:05:36,683 Some people might prefer to do that. 75 00:05:36,789 --> 00:05:41,679 The authentication tab is where you can add a cryptographic key, 76 00:05:41,796 --> 00:05:45,949 so that you can authenticate or validate that packages are coming from 77 00:05:46,049 --> 00:05:50,537 the source that they appear to be coming from. 78 00:05:50,637 --> 00:05:55,164 The packages supplied by Ubuntu are cryptographically signed 79 00:05:55,288 --> 00:05:59,907 and many third party vendors also cryptographically sign theirs. 80 00:06:00,031 --> 00:06:04,245 So if you were to add a custom channel in here 81 00:06:04,385 --> 00:06:07,696 and add someone's third party repository, 82 00:06:07,804 --> 00:06:10,914 you may also then go to the authentication tab 83 00:06:11,014 --> 00:06:14,284 and import the key from that third party. 84 00:06:14,384 --> 00:06:18,620 So that you can prove that those packages do come from 85 00:06:18,720 --> 00:06:20,769 where they say they come from. 86 00:06:20,869 --> 00:06:23,633 Now if you make any changes in the Software Preferences, 87 00:06:23,733 --> 00:06:26,141 at the point when you close it asks you to reload. 88 00:06:26,241 --> 00:06:30,186 What that means is update, so this is what we call update, 89 00:06:30,303 --> 00:06:34,715 it's going on-line to find out what packages are in those repositories. 90 00:06:34,843 --> 00:06:37,587 It's not actually downloading or installing any packages, 91 00:06:37,698 --> 00:06:41,313 it's just updating the local list. 92 00:06:45,276 --> 00:06:52,593 So update is updating the local list of packages that are in an on-line repository. 93 00:06:53,558 --> 00:06:57,197 You can see here there are 16 updates waiting on the system 94 00:06:57,301 --> 00:06:59,977 and if I click on that... 95 00:07:04,720 --> 00:07:08,700 ...we can see all of those 16 updates. 96 00:07:08,920 --> 00:07:11,663 We can see the names of the packages listed here 97 00:07:11,782 --> 00:07:15,147 and it's a short list it's not a huge number of updates. 98 00:07:15,258 --> 00:07:19,577 Now these are packages where the software may have had bugs 99 00:07:19,694 --> 00:07:22,664 or there may have been security holes in those packages. 100 00:07:22,803 --> 00:07:26,781 And so they have been updated and put in the repository 101 00:07:26,912 --> 00:07:29,464 my system has checked the repository 102 00:07:29,579 --> 00:07:35,206 and I can force it to check the repository by clicking the Check button. 103 00:07:36,594 --> 00:07:41,129 And now that my system knows that there are updated packages in the repository, 104 00:07:41,252 --> 00:07:45,029 I can then choose to update those packages. 105 00:07:47,518 --> 00:07:51,465 Notice the little icon in the top goes gray while this program is running, 106 00:07:51,579 --> 00:07:56,376 you should only have one package management program running at once. 107 00:08:00,306 --> 00:08:04,921 So if I highlight one of these applications, libcurl3, 108 00:08:05,052 --> 00:08:08,573 which is apparently a multi-protocol file transfer library. 109 00:08:08,715 --> 00:08:12,026 We can see the new version number 110 00:08:12,280 --> 00:08:14,728 and down here if I click show details, 111 00:08:14,886 --> 00:08:17,432 we can even see the changes that were made. 112 00:08:17,571 --> 00:08:22,289 Now this isn't always maintained, but most of the time it is. 113 00:08:22,399 --> 00:08:27,049 LP stands for Launchpad, which is the website launchpad.net 114 00:08:27,153 --> 00:08:30,402 and this bug number 137849, 115 00:08:30,502 --> 00:08:34,485 is basically the reason why this package was updated, 116 00:08:34,585 --> 00:08:38,024 because there was a bug in that application. 117 00:08:38,158 --> 00:08:41,386 There's also a description of what the package is. 118 00:08:41,526 --> 00:08:45,139 So based on this information you could actually pick and choose 119 00:08:45,289 --> 00:08:48,406 which updates you want to install. 120 00:08:48,518 --> 00:08:53,816 So for example here, linux-image, is a package that contains the Linux kernel. 121 00:08:53,965 --> 00:08:58,214 This is a pretty fundamental part of our system 122 00:08:58,314 --> 00:09:01,211 and you can see there are a number of changes made here. 123 00:09:01,311 --> 00:09:07,730 This CVE number here refers to a public security vulnerability list. 124 00:09:07,856 --> 00:09:10,786 So you could search for that number on-line 125 00:09:10,886 --> 00:09:14,334 and find out more details about that security vulnerability 126 00:09:14,434 --> 00:09:16,425 and what the impact of it is. 127 00:09:16,525 --> 00:09:21,584 and you could make a decision for your self whether you install these updates or not. 128 00:09:21,690 --> 00:09:24,758 Generally it's recommended that you just install them, 129 00:09:24,874 --> 00:09:31,654 but you can untick them and choose not to install certain updates 130 00:09:34,564 --> 00:09:38,232 For example if you were to update this package here, 131 00:09:38,332 --> 00:09:40,917 it's quite large, it's 8 MB in size. 132 00:09:41,017 --> 00:09:43,560 And if you have a low speed Internet connection, 133 00:09:43,660 --> 00:09:46,406 now might not be a convenient time to do that. 134 00:09:46,526 --> 00:09:49,755 So you might choose not to upgrade that right now. 135 00:09:49,896 --> 00:09:57,019 You can see the total changes down the bottom as you tick and untick the packages. 136 00:09:57,181 --> 00:10:01,867 If I hit install updates, you can see it now downloads the packages. 137 00:10:02,004 --> 00:10:05,314 So this is going to the on-line repositories, 138 00:10:05,414 --> 00:10:09,068 that we have in our Software Properties, 139 00:10:09,168 --> 00:10:12,378 downloading the new versions of these packages, 140 00:10:12,498 --> 00:10:16,333 It will store them locally, so it downloads them all first. 141 00:10:16,433 --> 00:10:18,208 and then stores them locally 142 00:10:18,308 --> 00:10:23,925 and then it will install them from that staging area on your local hard drive. 143 00:10:24,040 --> 00:10:28,610 So now it's unpacking those packages and going to install the packages. 144 00:10:28,722 --> 00:10:33,119 And once that's finished our system will be up to date. 145 00:10:33,263 --> 00:10:36,561 Now for most of the packages it's going to install, 146 00:10:36,673 --> 00:10:38,772 we don't need to restart the system. 147 00:10:38,893 --> 00:10:42,480 There are very few occasions when you need to reboot the system. 148 00:10:42,606 --> 00:10:46,439 But in this example we are replacing the Linux kernel. 149 00:10:46,561 --> 00:10:52,016 and if we replace the Linux kernel we do need to reboot for the changes to take effect. 150 00:10:52,131 --> 00:10:56,410 You can see there it's now doing Linux modules 151 00:10:56,510 --> 00:11:01,091 and various other bits to do with the kernel. 152 00:11:03,492 --> 00:11:05,611 There's also xserver, 153 00:11:05,711 --> 00:11:12,937 xserver is the core component behind this graphical windowing interface, 154 00:11:13,037 --> 00:11:18,506 so you might need to restart the graphical environment 155 00:11:18,627 --> 00:11:22,179 and not just the whole PC 156 00:11:22,703 --> 00:11:25,589 So now it's finished doing the updates. 157 00:11:25,690 --> 00:11:27,768 There we go, all the updates are done. 158 00:11:27,869 --> 00:11:33,439 You can look at that text and read it, most people don't though. 159 00:11:33,903 --> 00:11:39,594 When I click close it goes again to check if there are any updates pending. 160 00:11:40,300 --> 00:11:42,923 and there we can see it says the system is up to date. 161 00:11:43,044 --> 00:11:48,392 We can even force it to go on-line and check that there are no new packages, 162 00:11:49,603 --> 00:11:52,389 it's not likely that there are in the 163 00:11:52,509 --> 00:11:55,516 two or three minutes between me last checking and now. 164 00:11:55,657 --> 00:11:57,776 but you never know. 165 00:11:58,442 --> 00:12:02,861 So now I've performed those updates you can see here it's telling me I need to restart. 166 00:12:02,962 --> 00:12:08,249 And I need to restart because as I said the kernel has been upgraded. 167 00:12:09,379 --> 00:12:16,402 If you click the icon and then you can choose either restart later or restart now. 168 00:12:28,106 --> 00:12:33,655 So that's doing updates, let's have a look at doing a distribution upgrade. 169 00:12:34,341 --> 00:12:40,638 Now again we've got Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake 170 00:12:40,738 --> 00:12:44,473 and if I run the Update Manager, on Dapper Drake, 171 00:12:44,573 --> 00:12:50,243 to see if there are any updates, any changes to packages. 172 00:12:50,364 --> 00:12:56,418 When can see if there are any pending changes. 173 00:12:56,539 --> 00:12:58,557 And there aren't any. 174 00:12:58,678 --> 00:13:01,019 Now it says my system is up to date. 175 00:13:01,160 --> 00:13:06,427 I can force it to check and because I've just done all these updates, 176 00:13:06,548 --> 00:13:08,788 the system is up to date. 177 00:13:08,889 --> 00:13:12,703 But what if I wanted to upgrade to the next version of Ubuntu. 178 00:13:12,824 --> 00:13:17,466 This is 6.06, what if I wanted to upgrade to 6.10? 179 00:13:17,567 --> 00:13:21,703 Ubuntu supports upgrades, full upgrades, they're called distribution upgrades. 180 00:13:21,845 --> 00:13:24,852 from one release to the next release. 181 00:13:24,973 --> 00:13:28,746 You can't skip releases, you have to go directly from one release to the next, 182 00:13:28,867 --> 00:13:35,325 and this is all quite well documented on the Ubuntu documentation website 183 00:13:35,446 --> 00:13:38,433 and the community wiki. 184 00:13:38,554 --> 00:13:44,527 If you go to wiki.ubuntu.com, you can search for the word upgrade 185 00:13:44,628 --> 00:13:47,897 and there are many pages, including this one. 186 00:13:47,998 --> 00:13:50,984 This one is about upgrades to Dapper, 187 00:13:51,105 --> 00:13:56,957 this is upgrading from an older release to version 6.06 188 00:13:57,099 --> 00:13:59,400 and it gives you information about things you should do 189 00:13:59,500 --> 00:14:01,478 before you attempt to upgrade your system 190 00:14:01,578 --> 00:14:04,545 before you do a distribution upgrade. 191 00:14:04,646 --> 00:14:09,711 And tells you which versions you can upgrade from. 192 00:14:10,599 --> 00:14:15,020 Similarly there's another page called EdgyUpgrades 193 00:14:15,120 --> 00:14:19,498 and this is useful for people going to Edgy, which is want I'm about to do. 194 00:14:19,599 --> 00:14:25,209 So I want to upgrade from version 6.06 to 6.10 195 00:14:25,310 --> 00:14:28,580 and it gives me how to do it just here. 196 00:14:28,741 --> 00:14:31,869 So if you want to upgrade from 6.06 to 6.10, 197 00:14:31,969 --> 00:14:35,462 run the following command, press Alt+F2. 198 00:14:35,562 --> 00:14:40,406 So if I press Alt+F2, I'll get a dialog box pop up 199 00:14:40,506 --> 00:14:43,130 and I can type that command in. 200 00:14:43,291 --> 00:14:46,923 and there is our dialog, so I just pressed Alt + F2 201 00:14:47,044 --> 00:14:51,443 and I type in exactly what it says, sudo update-manager -c. 202 00:14:51,544 --> 00:14:57,800 Now update-manager is the Update Manager program we have been using all along. 203 00:14:57,961 --> 00:15:01,614 Now what we are saying is pass it a parameter -c. 204 00:15:01,715 --> 00:15:06,275 Now the -c is going to check for distribution upgrades, 205 00:15:06,396 --> 00:15:11,179 to see if there is another release after the version I am currently on. 206 00:15:11,300 --> 00:15:16,607 Now 6.06 doesn't automatically show you that, you have to tell it to show you that. 207 00:15:16,749 --> 00:15:19,756 because 6.06 is a long term support release, 208 00:15:19,856 --> 00:15:23,893 so it doesn't automatically offer upgrades to the next version. 209 00:15:23,993 --> 00:15:28,796 So you can see here there is a new distribution release (6.10) available. 210 00:15:28,917 --> 00:15:32,106 So I'm currently on 6.06 and if I press this button, 211 00:15:32,227 --> 00:15:34,749 I can upgrade to 6.10 212 00:15:34,891 --> 00:15:38,301 Now as soon as I do that I will no longer be on the long term support release, 213 00:15:38,442 --> 00:15:41,368 I will no longer be on Dapper. 214 00:15:41,469 --> 00:15:44,617 So you need to think carefully about why you're currently running Dapper, 215 00:15:44,718 --> 00:15:48,209 as to whether you would upgrade to the next version. 216 00:15:48,693 --> 00:15:56,442 And once you start the upgrade, it does a lot of preparation 217 00:15:56,604 --> 00:16:00,640 and disables, as part of the preparation, any third party sources. 218 00:16:00,761 --> 00:16:05,725 So remember I said, in the Software Properties, you can add third party repositories. 219 00:16:05,826 --> 00:16:10,104 They get disabled during the upgrade, because they can cause problems for the upgrade, 220 00:16:10,225 --> 00:16:13,555 the upgrade could fail. 221 00:16:21,142 --> 00:16:24,210 It's going to update the software channels 222 00:16:24,310 --> 00:16:27,318 and make them reflect the new release. 223 00:16:27,418 --> 00:16:30,769 So at the moment the software channels point to 224 00:16:30,869 --> 00:16:34,180 the repositories for Dapper, which is 6.06, 225 00:16:34,280 --> 00:16:38,981 this is going to modify them and point them to the repositories for Edgy, 6.10 226 00:16:39,304 --> 00:16:42,453 Now we get a summary here saying are you sure you want to do this? 227 00:16:42,553 --> 00:16:45,600 So this is the last part at which we can back out. 228 00:16:46,085 --> 00:16:51,997 901 packages upgraded, it gives me an estimated time of how long it's going to take. 229 00:16:54,015 --> 00:16:56,962 So it reckons about an hour 230 00:16:57,062 --> 00:17:01,058 and there's lots and lots of packages that are going to get changed. 231 00:17:01,158 --> 00:17:03,762 Now I have a relatively fast Internet connection here, 232 00:17:03,884 --> 00:17:08,787 so I'm lucky in that when I click start upgrade it will go pretty quickly. 233 00:17:08,888 --> 00:17:12,843 But I'm going to fast forward through most of this. 234 00:17:12,944 --> 00:17:17,626 Because you don't really want to sit and watch my upgrade run for an hour. 235 00:17:17,727 --> 00:17:24,265 So what I'm going to do is just pause it at points when interesting things occur. 236 00:17:24,386 --> 00:17:27,191 So you can see there, it's fetching the packages. 237 00:17:27,312 --> 00:17:33,487 If we go back to the website, wiki.ubuntu.com 238 00:17:33,628 --> 00:17:38,996 Again you can search for the upgrade pages, 239 00:17:39,117 --> 00:17:42,346 In the top right hand corner of the web site there's a search function. 240 00:17:42,467 --> 00:17:45,777 or you can do as I've done here, just put the word upgrades on the end 241 00:17:45,878 --> 00:17:49,409 and it finds all pages with the word upgrades in. 242 00:17:49,510 --> 00:17:53,970 So there's a separate page for each release. 243 00:17:54,616 --> 00:17:57,320 and the page we're following is EdgyUpgrades, 244 00:17:57,441 --> 00:18:02,183 because we are upgrading to Edgy, which is 6.10 245 00:18:05,432 --> 00:18:10,820 So you can see here it says this is the method we are "Upgrading using Update Manager". 246 00:18:10,921 --> 00:18:15,442 And down here is the not recommended method, which is using the command-line, 247 00:18:15,542 --> 00:18:19,820 a terminal, to actually type a bunch of commands in, to do the upgrade. 248 00:18:19,941 --> 00:18:26,399 Generally this isn't necessary, in some circumstances it has been found to be required. 249 00:18:26,500 --> 00:18:33,119 but most of the time you can upgrade using Update Manager, as we are here. 250 00:18:33,441 --> 00:18:36,368 So we've skipped a bit of time there to 251 00:18:36,468 --> 00:18:40,726 make things move along a little bit quicker in the screencast. 252 00:18:42,179 --> 00:18:44,197 Not long now. 253 00:18:44,742 --> 00:18:47,850 So it's going to need a quite a bit of disk space for this upgrade, 254 00:18:47,951 --> 00:18:53,722 because it needs enough space for all of the packages in their compresses form, the .debs 255 00:18:53,822 --> 00:18:56,911 these Debian archives, 256 00:18:57,011 --> 00:19:02,621 to be stored on my hard drive along with the packages as they're unpacked as well. 257 00:19:02,742 --> 00:19:08,716 and disk space checking is one of the things the Update Manager does. 258 00:19:09,705 --> 00:19:14,649 So now it's starting to go about actually go about installing the various packages. 259 00:19:14,750 --> 00:19:18,483 and sometimes it will stop and ask you questions. 260 00:19:18,604 --> 00:19:22,478 For example if there are configuration files that you have changed, 261 00:19:22,599 --> 00:19:25,566 global configuration files that you have changed. 262 00:19:25,667 --> 00:19:30,530 that there is a new version of in the new release. 263 00:19:30,631 --> 00:19:34,849 It might ask you to just compare and in fact here is an example right now. 264 00:19:34,970 --> 00:19:40,055 This configuration file has differences and it shows the differences, 265 00:19:40,156 --> 00:19:42,275 with one file has the minus signs in front 266 00:19:42,375 --> 00:19:44,374 and the other file has plus signs in front. 267 00:19:44,474 --> 00:19:48,430 So you can see both lines and compare the two at once. 268 00:19:48,550 --> 00:19:52,829 So you can see three lines from the old file and three lines from the new file. 269 00:19:52,950 --> 00:19:57,208 and you decide whether you want to keep the file, 270 00:19:57,309 --> 00:20:01,466 which you might do if you've made changes to that, if you knowingly made changes 271 00:20:01,587 --> 00:20:06,793 or you can replace it if you don't think you've made a change to that file, 272 00:20:06,894 --> 00:20:11,132 or you don't care if that file gets replaced. 273 00:20:11,838 --> 00:20:16,581 So if I hit replace, I'll be taking the new version of the file. 274 00:20:16,681 --> 00:20:19,143 Now you noticed the background just changed, 275 00:20:19,243 --> 00:20:25,661 because that's been updated in the new version of Ubuntu. 276 00:20:27,982 --> 00:20:31,010 Generally I would just leave this alone, 277 00:20:31,191 --> 00:20:36,256 walk away, watch TV, get a cup of tea or something, 278 00:20:37,285 --> 00:20:39,404 because it can take some time. 279 00:20:39,545 --> 00:20:43,662 Here's another file that's been changed in the upgrade, 280 00:20:43,783 --> 00:20:46,366 looks like it's just got lots of extra comments in it. 281 00:20:46,478 --> 00:20:53,358 So we'll just take the new version, by replacing my existing version. 282 00:20:58,884 --> 00:21:01,359 And we are nearly done. 283 00:21:01,481 --> 00:21:03,196 There we go it's cleaning up 284 00:21:03,296 --> 00:21:06,768 and what it's going to do is check for any packages which are no longer supported. 285 00:21:06,868 --> 00:21:10,219 or packages that are no longer required, 286 00:21:10,319 --> 00:21:14,271 maybe they've been replaced or obsoleted. 287 00:21:14,759 --> 00:21:21,136 Okay, here are some packages which are not in the main repository any more, 288 00:21:21,259 --> 00:21:25,979 they've been moved to the universe repository and are so maintained by the community, 289 00:21:26,100 --> 00:21:29,026 and not maintained directly by canonical. 290 00:21:29,151 --> 00:21:32,295 It's a kind of informational message. 291 00:21:34,677 --> 00:21:38,026 and it will also give us a list of packages that will be removed, 292 00:21:38,133 --> 00:21:41,881 because there are some packages that get renamed in the upgrade, 293 00:21:42,008 --> 00:21:47,470 names change or version change so fundamentally that the old ones are now useless. 294 00:21:47,604 --> 00:21:53,106 So some of these packages, well all of the these are now going to be removed. 295 00:21:53,222 --> 00:21:57,137 You can skip it of course and leave them, but it's kind of pointless leaving them, 296 00:21:57,258 --> 00:22:01,744 unless you explicitly know you need one of those packages. 297 00:22:01,859 --> 00:22:06,076 You'll notice at the top-right it says system restart required. 298 00:22:06,197 --> 00:22:09,023 And it needs a restart, it definitely needs a restart 299 00:22:09,142 --> 00:22:11,928 because right now we've got a brand new kernel, 300 00:22:12,028 --> 00:22:15,763 brand new video drivers, brand new everything, 301 00:22:15,884 --> 00:22:21,917 and so we really need to restart for those changes to take effect. 302 00:22:22,595 --> 00:22:24,580 There we go, that's it! 303 00:22:24,682 --> 00:22:30,675 That's an upgrade, a distribution upgrade from 6.06 to 6.10, done 304 00:22:31,584 --> 00:22:37,718 Now if I restart, the hostname still says Dapper, so the name of the computer says Dapper, 305 00:22:37,839 --> 00:22:41,234 but I'll change that later on. 306 00:22:41,894 --> 00:22:46,170 And if we log on, we're now running the same machine, 307 00:22:46,274 --> 00:22:51,299 but it's now running a newer version of Ubuntu, it's running 6.10 308 00:22:55,698 --> 00:22:59,791 Everything seems to be working okay so far. 309 00:23:00,285 --> 00:23:04,034 And if we go to the Update Manager, 310 00:23:04,134 --> 00:23:07,907 actually if we look in Software Sources first. 311 00:23:08,836 --> 00:23:10,773 Of course we need to type in our password, 312 00:23:10,873 --> 00:23:14,023 because this can make fundamental changes to the system. 313 00:23:15,152 --> 00:23:19,832 You can see now it says we are running Ubuntu 6.10 314 00:23:20,904 --> 00:23:24,414 Yeah, that works and this whole interface has changed actually, 315 00:23:24,533 --> 00:23:28,026 from what we were looking at earlier in 6.06 316 00:23:28,168 --> 00:23:30,711 So you can see we've definitely got, if nothing else, 317 00:23:30,811 --> 00:23:33,747 a new version of the Software Sources application. 318 00:23:33,919 --> 00:23:35,923 which is great. 319 00:23:38,036 --> 00:23:42,031 So that's distribution upgrading. 320 00:23:44,904 --> 00:23:51,346 Now let's look at distribution upgrading from Feisty to Gutsy. 321 00:23:51,455 --> 00:23:55,625 Now the system I'm running here, let's check Software Sources. 322 00:23:56,379 --> 00:24:01,202 You can see it no longer has the version number next to Ubuntu software. 323 00:24:03,790 --> 00:24:06,731 But this looks familiar and if you look under updates 324 00:24:06,831 --> 00:24:09,597 you can now see it says feisty security, feisty updates, 325 00:24:09,697 --> 00:24:16,574 so this system we're looking at now is Ubuntu Feisty version 7.04 326 00:24:17,069 --> 00:24:22,310 Now what I'm going to do is upgrade this to Gutsy, 327 00:24:22,429 --> 00:24:25,816 which is currently under development, I don't recommend you do this right now. 328 00:24:25,943 --> 00:24:29,389 Wait until October, when Gutsy is released. 329 00:24:29,494 --> 00:24:32,319 If we run update manager... 330 00:24:34,337 --> 00:24:42,453 ...there are no updates waiting, no packages that are pending upgrade. 331 00:24:42,732 --> 00:24:48,181 And if we go and have a look at the Software Sources, 332 00:24:48,313 --> 00:24:52,277 I'm going to switch on one of the updates. 333 00:24:52,398 --> 00:24:56,548 There is a repository called Feisty proposed 334 00:24:56,656 --> 00:24:58,671 and these are pre-released updates. 335 00:24:58,775 --> 00:25:01,319 And now the reason why I'm switching this one on 336 00:25:01,419 --> 00:25:04,749 is in order to upgrade from Feisty to Gutsy, 337 00:25:04,849 --> 00:25:10,358 so that is from 7.04 to 7.10, there's an known bug in the update manager 338 00:25:10,463 --> 00:25:15,686 and we want to kind of work around that, in this screencast. 339 00:25:15,790 --> 00:25:18,693 So by switching on pre-release updates 340 00:25:18,793 --> 00:25:23,195 there are going to be some extra updates that I'm going to see in the Update Manger, 341 00:25:23,295 --> 00:25:26,182 which we didn't see just now. 342 00:25:28,161 --> 00:25:32,945 And one of them is going to be an update to the Update Manager itself. 343 00:25:34,677 --> 00:25:39,781 So starting the update manager now, now that we've added to Feisty proposed repository, 344 00:25:39,906 --> 00:25:46,553 you can see 16 updates, and one of them is Update Manager. 345 00:25:47,048 --> 00:25:57,817 Now you'll notice that the version number has gone from 1.0.59.23 to 1.0.59.25 346 00:25:57,922 --> 00:25:59,859 and I'm going to untick all of them 347 00:25:59,959 --> 00:26:03,463 and then just tick Update Manager and Update Manager Core, 348 00:26:03,563 --> 00:26:06,862 because those are the only two packages I really need right now 349 00:26:06,962 --> 00:26:10,999 to perform the upgrade to Gutsy. 350 00:26:11,463 --> 00:26:15,156 And again I wouldn't recommend that you install Gutsy right now. 351 00:26:15,271 --> 00:26:18,566 or upgrade to it, because it's a little unstable, 352 00:26:18,666 --> 00:26:25,347 it's only three weeks until it's released, the current date. 353 00:26:25,629 --> 00:26:29,357 But right now I wouldn't upgrade to it. 354 00:26:30,210 --> 00:26:35,790 Although I have to say I do run it on all my systems and it works pretty well for me. 355 00:26:36,163 --> 00:26:41,935 So if we go to launchpad there's a bug 141060, 356 00:26:42,035 --> 00:26:44,921 which is the bug that I'm working around, 357 00:26:45,021 --> 00:26:50,693 so this is the reason why I've added that Feisty proposed repository to 358 00:26:50,814 --> 00:26:54,829 so that can get the newer version of Update Manager. 359 00:26:54,960 --> 00:26:59,790 which I know will now allow me to upgrade to Gutsy. 360 00:27:01,630 --> 00:27:07,599 Now previously to upgrade from Dapper to Edgy, from 6.06 to 6.10, 361 00:27:07,724 --> 00:27:15,554 I pressed Alt + F2 and I ran update-manger -c 362 00:27:17,128 --> 00:27:21,728 like this gksu update-manager -c 363 00:27:21,830 --> 00:27:26,980 Now that's what I did to go from Dapper, which is a currently supported release, 364 00:27:27,097 --> 00:27:29,720 to Edgy, which is another currently supported release. 365 00:27:29,830 --> 00:27:34,336 But what I want to do is go from Feisty, which is also a currently supported release, 366 00:27:34,442 --> 00:27:38,599 to Gutsy which is a development release, it's not currently released yet 367 00:27:38,718 --> 00:27:42,292 and you can see it doesn't actually offer me, at the top of the Update Manager window, 368 00:27:42,429 --> 00:27:45,380 it doesn't offer me the upgrade to Gutsy. 369 00:27:45,501 --> 00:27:50,767 What you have to do is run update-manager -c -d, to upgrade 370 00:27:50,869 --> 00:27:56,277 and what the -d means effectively upgrade to the development release. 371 00:27:56,389 --> 00:28:01,458 So you can see now it's offering me the option of upgrading to 7.10 372 00:28:01,584 --> 00:28:05,297 And this is the way in which you can upgrade to the next release, 373 00:28:05,397 --> 00:28:09,051 even if that next version hasn't actually been released yet. 374 00:28:09,151 --> 00:28:12,280 So you can see here it says, this is a development snapshot, 375 00:28:12,380 --> 00:28:14,620 it's not the final version yet. 376 00:28:14,732 --> 00:28:18,934 So it's generally recommended you don't do what I'm about to do, 377 00:28:19,060 --> 00:28:22,676 but it's worth knowing how to do it. 378 00:28:23,254 --> 00:28:27,112 And now it starts doing the upgrade and it's running through the upgrade 379 00:28:27,220 --> 00:28:32,656 in exactly the same way as it ran from Dapper to Edgy. 380 00:28:33,892 --> 00:28:36,455 Everything's working in much the same way, 381 00:28:36,555 --> 00:28:43,397 you can see there it says it's upgrading Ubuntu to version 7.10 382 00:28:48,401 --> 00:28:50,399 Okay 383 00:28:55,171 --> 00:28:58,470 And it's doing pretty much the same thing. 384 00:28:58,800 --> 00:29:02,406 Now I'm not going to show you this right to the end. 385 00:29:02,511 --> 00:29:07,330 because it works in pretty much the same way as in every distribution upgrade. 386 00:29:07,460 --> 00:29:10,397 Shows you a list of packages that are no longer supported. 387 00:29:10,511 --> 00:29:15,119 and so on, so this is all pretty much the same as it was 388 00:29:15,220 --> 00:29:20,104 with the distribution upgrade we just did from Dapper to Edgy. 389 00:29:22,718 --> 00:29:26,683 So now it says it's going to upgrade 870 packages 390 00:29:26,783 --> 00:29:30,658 and it's going to take some time to do it. 391 00:29:31,062 --> 00:29:32,453 Hit start 392 00:29:33,201 --> 00:29:34,593 and that's it. 393 00:29:34,697 --> 00:29:39,518 So that's how we upgrade from a currently released version of Ubuntu 394 00:29:39,658 --> 00:29:42,411 to the next release which is still under development. 395 00:29:42,511 --> 00:29:46,058 use update-manger -c -d 396 00:29:46,822 --> 00:29:50,111 Once that version Gutsy is released, 397 00:29:50,211 --> 00:29:53,543 we won't need the -d, in fact you don't need the -c either, 398 00:29:53,643 --> 00:29:58,676 because Feisty will offer an upgrade to Gutsy, once Gutsy is released. 399 00:30:01,315 --> 00:30:05,488 Okay, so once we upgrade to Gutsy, which we have now done. 400 00:30:05,609 --> 00:30:11,213 This is my Gutsy version 7.10 system, how do we apply updates here? 401 00:30:11,320 --> 00:30:16,547 Well it's actually exactly the same as we have seen in previous releases. 402 00:30:17,233 --> 00:30:20,603 The Update Manager has changed slightly, it's been updated, 403 00:30:20,703 --> 00:30:24,155 it's got a new icon for a start. 404 00:30:24,982 --> 00:30:27,061 And you can see some of the added features, 405 00:30:27,161 --> 00:30:29,483 I'll show you a couple of features that are quite nice 406 00:30:29,583 --> 00:30:35,130 First we will check and see if there are any new packages. 407 00:30:47,666 --> 00:30:53,274 Two of the things that are quite good with the new version of Update Manager, 408 00:30:53,374 --> 00:30:59,025 it shows you the version, this has been around since Feisty actually, 409 00:30:59,125 --> 00:31:04,091 it shows you the old version of a package that you currently have. 410 00:31:04,212 --> 00:31:05,710 and the new version. 411 00:31:05,826 --> 00:31:09,579 Whereas Update Manager in Dapper, that we saw right at the beginning of the screencast, 412 00:31:09,686 --> 00:31:12,491 only shows you the new version of the package. 413 00:31:13,480 --> 00:31:16,873 So here you can see a bunch of packages that need upgrading 414 00:31:16,985 --> 00:31:19,669 and you can see the from version and the to version. 415 00:31:19,790 --> 00:31:24,513 So the from version is what I'm currently on and the to version what I'm going to. 416 00:31:24,654 --> 00:31:30,683 Another nice feature is that these launchpad bugs LP for example, 417 00:31:30,809 --> 00:31:34,461 link to Launchpad, so you can actually click those links 418 00:31:34,561 --> 00:31:37,026 and it will take you straight to Launchpad, 419 00:31:37,126 --> 00:31:39,789 where you can then view the bug 420 00:31:39,889 --> 00:31:45,198 and then that will help you decide whether you want to upgrade that package or not. 421 00:31:45,338 --> 00:31:50,603 So for example if I click that link, it will open up my web browser Firefox, 422 00:31:50,726 --> 00:31:55,852 and take me directly to bug number 144001 423 00:31:55,954 --> 00:32:00,259 and you can see here the status of this bug is fix released. 424 00:32:00,372 --> 00:32:07,006 And the package is apt and sure enough that's this apt package. 425 00:32:09,398 --> 00:32:17,068 So updates in Dapper, Feisty and Gutsy are all pretty straightforward to do. 426 00:32:17,810 --> 00:32:23,156 And there you can see a simple click of the install will download the packages 427 00:32:23,276 --> 00:32:26,787 and update them on my local machine. 428 00:32:27,954 --> 00:32:32,197 The Software Sources application under Gutsy 429 00:32:32,297 --> 00:32:38,492 again looks much the same as it does under previous releases. 430 00:32:39,279 --> 00:32:42,830 Let's have a look at it while those packages are downloading and installing. 431 00:32:42,965 --> 00:32:49,068 Again it's grouped everything into main, universe, restricted and multiverse. 432 00:32:49,892 --> 00:32:52,920 and we have our option for downloading source code 433 00:32:53,020 --> 00:32:57,875 and where we get our packages from, what regional server. 434 00:32:57,975 --> 00:33:01,658 And then we can add CD-ROM repositories as well. 435 00:33:01,769 --> 00:33:07,510 We can also add in third party repositories, using the third party software tab. 436 00:33:07,624 --> 00:33:12,697 And we'll look at that in the next screencast, we'll add in a third party repository 437 00:33:12,820 --> 00:33:15,955 and we'll install some software from that third party repository. 438 00:33:16,087 --> 00:33:19,961 We can also add a CD-ROM and configure the updates. 439 00:33:20,078 --> 00:33:22,847 And you can see here Gutsy updates, 440 00:33:22,964 --> 00:33:27,408 Gutsy proposed and Gutsy backports don't make any sense right now to have those enabled. 441 00:33:27,508 --> 00:33:29,297 because there's nothing in them, 442 00:33:29,397 --> 00:33:34,491 because there is nothing to backport from, there isn't anything after Gutsy yet. 443 00:33:34,593 --> 00:33:41,493 and Gutsy proposed, well everything is still in the main Gutsy repository. 444 00:33:41,610 --> 00:33:46,057 So there's nothing proposed to go into Gutsy yet, because it has not been released yet. 445 00:33:46,679 --> 00:33:52,490 And we also get the same kind of options at the bottom to do with automatic updates. 446 00:33:53,727 --> 00:33:58,828 Again if we add third party repositories we can add their key, 447 00:33:58,929 --> 00:34:03,086 so that we can check the cryptographic signature 448 00:34:03,212 --> 00:34:06,154 And there is an extra little tab over here, 449 00:34:06,254 --> 00:34:13,421 which is to do with an application called popularity contest or popcon. 450 00:34:13,521 --> 00:34:18,200 And you may remember if you saw the screencast where we did installing Ubuntu 451 00:34:18,305 --> 00:34:24,214 we enabled popcon and enabling popcon ticks this little box.. 452 00:34:24,355 --> 00:34:28,976 And it, as you can see from the text here it submits data back to Ubuntu, 453 00:34:29,109 --> 00:34:35,212 about which applications users have installed and how much they get used. 454 00:34:36,119 --> 00:34:39,026 The reason for keeping this information 455 00:34:39,126 --> 00:34:44,798 is so that they can figure out which applications are most popular 456 00:34:44,898 --> 00:34:49,359 and from that help to determine which applications need most focus 457 00:34:49,459 --> 00:34:55,493 and which applications will appear on CD-ROMs and DVDs. 458 00:34:57,727 --> 00:35:05,865 If we go to the website for the Popularity Contest, which is popcon.ubuntu.com 459 00:35:05,975 --> 00:35:13,998 you can actually see the results of the data that's been submitted to Ubuntu 460 00:35:14,441 --> 00:35:21,645 And that data is in the form of great long lists of packages, it's quite raw data. 461 00:35:23,240 --> 00:35:29,253 So if we go to popcon.ubuntu.com, and there's ReadMes and Frequently Asked Questions 462 00:35:29,359 --> 00:35:32,614 and all kind of other documentation here. 463 00:35:33,604 --> 00:35:37,870 And if we just click on one of the files, 464 00:35:38,819 --> 00:35:42,081 it shows us a list of packages in the first column 465 00:35:42,181 --> 00:35:44,752 and then how many people have it installed 466 00:35:44,852 --> 00:35:48,679 and number of people that use it regularly. 467 00:35:48,779 --> 00:35:52,016 number of people who have it installed who don't use it regularly and so on. 468 00:35:52,134 --> 00:35:57,239 And the last column is the name of the maintainer of that particular package. 469 00:35:57,344 --> 00:35:59,786 So as you can see there are a lot of packages at the top of the list, 470 00:35:59,907 --> 00:36:02,853 which are very popular, very common, everyone has them. 471 00:36:02,974 --> 00:36:05,840 And then near the middle towards the bottom, 472 00:36:05,940 --> 00:36:10,037 there are packages that are used slightly less. 473 00:36:10,304 --> 00:36:14,658 So yeah, very few people have some of these packages installed. 474 00:36:14,767 --> 00:36:18,871 Maybe that only one person uses one of these packages 475 00:36:19,299 --> 00:36:23,215 It's entirely likely that that's the author of the package. 476 00:36:23,537 --> 00:36:26,362 So that's just a brief introduction to what popcon is 477 00:36:26,507 --> 00:36:30,676 and how that provides useful information to Ubuntu. 478 00:36:31,418 --> 00:36:33,889 Maybe you should switch that on 479 00:36:34,018 --> 00:36:38,168 So here you can see the install of the updates is running 480 00:36:38,268 --> 00:36:43,656 in much the same way as it does in all releases. 481 00:36:45,521 --> 00:36:51,224 You can see down here it's updating my kernel, my Linux kernel. 482 00:36:52,531 --> 00:36:55,170 There we go it's nearly finished. 483 00:37:01,859 --> 00:37:03,836 Done 484 00:37:04,119 --> 00:37:13,159 So now I've got a system running Ubuntu Gutsy version 7.10, which is out in October 2007. 485 00:37:13,315 --> 00:37:17,961 And I've got all the latest packages on my system. 486 00:37:18,769 --> 00:37:21,644 Very straight forward, very easy. 487 00:37:25,273 --> 00:37:27,913 There we go, my system is up to date. 488 00:37:28,572 --> 00:37:33,191 So now you have seen how to update and upgrade, 489 00:37:33,686 --> 00:37:38,586 both older versions of Ubuntu, Dapper. 490 00:37:38,713 --> 00:37:43,500 But also newer versions such as Feisty and Gutsy. 491 00:37:44,820 --> 00:37:48,017 And we've upgraded the kernel, so it now needs to reboot. 492 00:37:48,131 --> 00:37:49,442 Thanks for watching, 493 00:37:49,563 --> 00:37:51,622 All our screencasts are available from our website, 494 00:37:51,727 --> 00:37:55,624 which is screencasts.ubuntu.com
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