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Description

Kernel Parameter

Options

Ubuntu default

amd64

Control Page Table Isolation of user and kernel address spaces. Disabling this feature removes CVE-2017-5754 (aka Meltdown) mitigation on affected processors, but improves performance of system calls and interrupts.

pti=[on|off|auto]

on - unconditionally enable

off - unconditionally disable

auto - kernel detects whether your CPU model is vulnerable to CVE-2017-5754 (aka Meltdown)

Not specifying this option is equivalent to pti=auto.

pti=auto

amd64

Disable Kernel Page Table Isolation (KPTI).

nopti

Equivalent to pti=off

ppc64el

Disable L1-D cache flushing on exit from kernel to user mode that is used as protection against CVE-2017-5754 (aka Meltdown) on powerpc processors.

no_rfi_flush

ppc64el

On powerpc, nopti is just an alias to no_rfi_flush.

nopti

amd64

Disable the PCID cpu feature.

nopcid

PCID is enabled if CPU supports it.

amd64

Disable indirect branch restricted speculation (IBRS) and/or indirect branch prediction barrier (IBPB) feature when running in secure environment, to avoid performance overhead. Disabling these features removes mitigations for CVE-2017-5715 (aka Spectre / Variant 2).

noibrs

noibpb

At run time:

echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/ibrs_enabled will turn off IBRS

echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/ibrs_enabled will turn on IBRS in kernel

echo 2 > /proc/sys/kernel/ibrs_enabled will turn on IBRS in both userspace and kernel

By default, the system will enable ibrs and ibpb usage if the CPU supports it

amd64

Control mitigation of CVE-2017-5715 (aka Spectre / Variant 2).

spectre_v2=[on|off|auto|retpoline|retpoline,generic|retpoline,amd]

on - unconditionally enable

off - unconditionally disable

auto - kernel detects whether your CPU model is vulnerable

Selecting 'on' will, and 'auto' may, choose a mitigation method at run time according to the CPU, the available microcode, the setting of the CONFIG_RETPOLINE configuration option, and the compiler with which the kernel was built.

Specific mitigations can also be selected manually:

retpoline - replace indirect branches

retpoline,generic - google's original retpoline

retpoline,amd - AMD-specific minimal thunk

Not specifying this option is equivalent to spectre_v2=auto.

spectre_v2=auto

amd64

Disable all mitigations for the CVE-2017-5715 (aka Spectre / Variant 2). System may allow data leaks with this option.

nospectre_v2

Equivalent to spectre_v2=off

s390x

Run the kernel with a modified branch predictor.

nobp=[0|1]

With nobp=1, the kernel will switch to a modified branch prediction mode if the firmware interface is available.

With nobp=0, the kernel will run in the normal branch prediction mode.

nobp=1

s390x

Run the kernel in the normal branch prediction mode.

nospec

Equivalent to nobp=0

s390x

Disable no-spec barriers.

nogmb