DebuggingKernelBoot

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Revision 18 as of 2018-02-05 16:38:12
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Comment: RM'd "instructions before instructions" as redundant, and confusing.
Revision 19 as of 2018-02-05 16:49:47
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Editor: penalvch
Comment: Due to LP#1746357 provide clarity on when initramfs applies for debugging.
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= Initramfs = = Dropped into a initramfs shell =
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Sometimes you may even be dropped into an initramfs shell. This indicates errors in the boot sequence, for example failing to find your root partition/filesystem. You are put into the initramfs shell in an effort to allow you to recover the system. Hopefully, if you boot with the '''quiet''' and '''splash''' options removed you will notice error messages before being dropped into the shell which will help debug and direct you to a solution. If your boot is dropped into an initramfs shell, this indicates errors in the boot sequence, for example failing to find your root partition/filesystem. You are put into the initramfs shell in an effort to allow you to recover the system. Hopefully, if you boot with the '''quiet''' and '''splash''' options removed you will notice error messages before being dropped into the shell which will help debug and direct you to a solution.

Unfortunately it is sometimes the case that your system will fail to boot due to changes within the kernel. It is important that when submitting bug reports about these types of failures that you include the debugging information from a failed boot (not a working boot). This article will help gather this information to provide in your report.

Boot Options

When trying to capture relevant error messages that appear at boot, one may edit boot option parameters via:

  1. Boot the machine.
  2. During the BIOS screen, press the shift key and hold it down. You should see the GRUB menu after the BIOS loads.
  3. Navigate to the kernel entry you want to boot, and press 'e'.
  4. In the line starting with linux, remove the following keywords:

    quiet
    splash
    vt.handoff=7
  5. On the line that reads:

    set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode

    replace with:

    set gfxpayload=text
  6. Press 'Ctrl+x' to boot.

It's best if you can attach a log file which may have captured any messages you see. If you are unable to capture a log file, a video will work just as well. As a last resort you can even copy messages down by hand.

Depending on the type of error messages you encounter, there are other boot options you could try. For example, if you notice ACPI errors, try booting with the acpi=off boot option. For a full description of these options, refer to the kernel parameters document.

Dropped into a initramfs shell

If your boot is dropped into an initramfs shell, this indicates errors in the boot sequence, for example failing to find your root partition/filesystem. You are put into the initramfs shell in an effort to allow you to recover the system. Hopefully, if you boot with the quiet and splash options removed you will notice error messages before being dropped into the shell which will help debug and direct you to a solution.

If you are dropped into an initramfs shell you may want to also try booting with the debug boot option. It should write a log to /tmp/initramfs.debug. You could also specify some arbitrary argument (for example debug=vc) to have the output written to the console.

Additionally, being able to extract log files from the system would be helpful. Once dropped into an initramfs shell, you can type httpd. You should then be able to point a web browser to the IP address of the system and view the contents of the /var/log folder.

There is another initramfs boot parameter which can purposely drop you into the initramfs shell during different stages of the initial boot sequence. The parameter is break=[option] where option can be: top, modules, premount, mount, bottom, or init. The default is premount if no options are specified. More information about the break= parameters can be found in "/usr/share/initramfs-tools/init" on your Ubuntu system.

Links


CategoryBugSquad CategoryDebugging

DebuggingKernelBoot (last edited 2019-11-02 17:01:33 by penalvch)