This page describes how to build the kernel.
The majority of users that are interested in building their own kernel are doing so because they have installed Ubuntu on their system and they wish to make a small change to the kernel for that system. In many cases the user just wants to make a kernel configuration change.
The purpose of this page is to give that user a minimum amount of information for them to meet the goal of making a simple change to the kernel, building it and installing their kernel. It is not intended to be the definitive guide to doing Ubuntu kernel development.
Build Environment
If you have not built a kernel on your system before, there are some packages needed before you can successfully build. You can get these installed with:
sudo apt build-dep linux linux-image-unsigned-$(uname -r)
Unfortunately, the above does not install all of the necessary dependencies. The current Disco Dingo release requires the following additional packages.
sudo apt install libncurses-dev gawk flex bison openssl libssl-dev dkms libelf-dev libudev-dev libpci-dev libiberty-dev autoconf llvm
If you are going to be using git, install it via:
sudo apt install git
The above command requires your system to have the correct deb-src lines in /etc/apt/sources.list. For example, on Disco Dingo you should have:
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco main deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-updates main
Obtaining the source for an Ubuntu release
There are a number of different ways of getting the kernel sources. The two main ways will be documented here.
If you have installed a version of Ubuntu and you want to make changes to the kernel that is installed on your system, use the apt method to obtain the sources.
However, if you wish to get the most up-to-date sources for the Ubuntu release you are running and make changes to that, use the git method.
apt
The source code which generated a specific binary package may be obtained using the apt source <package> command. For example to obtain the source for the currently running kernel you can use the command:
apt source linux-image-unsigned-$(uname -r)
git
Follow the instructions in the Git guide.
Modifying the configuration
This step can be skipped if no configuration changes are wanted.
The build process uses a configuration that is put together from various sub-config files. The simplest way to modify anything here is to run the commands below. This takes the current configuration for each architecture/flavour supported and calls menuconfig to edit its config file. The chmod is needed only if you obtain the source by apt rather than git, because the way the source package is created, it loses the executable bits on the scripts.:
chmod a+x debian/rules chmod a+x debian/scripts/* chmod a+x debian/scripts/misc/* fakeroot debian/rules clean fakeroot debian/rules editconfigs # you need to go through each (Y, Exit, Y, Exit..) or get a complaint about config later
In order to make your kernel "newer" than the stock Ubuntu kernel from which you are based, you should add a local version modifier. Add something like "+test1" to the end of the first version number in the debian.master/changelog file, before building. This will help identify your kernel when running as it also appears in uname -a. Note that when a new Ubuntu kernel is released that will be newer than your kernel (which needs regenerating), so care is needed when upgrading. NOTE: do not attempt to use CONFIG_LOCALVERSION as this _will_ break the build.
Building the kernel
Building the kernel is quite easy. Change your working directory to the root of the kernel source tree and then type the following commands:
fakeroot debian/rules clean # quicker build: fakeroot debian/rules binary-headers binary-generic binary-perarch # if you need linux-tools or lowlatency kernel, run instead: fakeroot debian/rules binary
If the build is successful, several .deb binary package files will be produced in the directory above the build root directory. For example after building a kernel with version "4.8.0-17.19" on an amd64 system, these three (or more) .deb packages will be produced:
cd .. ls *.deb linux-headers-4.8.0-17_4.8.0-17.19_all.deb linux-headers-4.8.0-17-generic_4.8.0-17.19_amd64.deb linux-image-4.8.0-17-generic_4.8.0-17.19_amd64.deb
On later releases, you will also find a linux-extra- package which you should also install if present.
Testing the new kernel
Install the debian packages (on your build system, or on a different target system) with dpkg -i and then reboot:
sudo dpkg -i linux*4.8.0-17.19*.deb sudo reboot
Debug Symbols
Sometimes it is useful to have debug symbols built as well. Two additional steps are needed. First pkg-config-dbgsym needs to be installed. Second when executing the binary-* targets you need to add 'skipdbg=false'.
sudo apt install pkg-config-dbgsym fakeroot debian/rules clean fakeroot debian/rules binary-headers binary-generic binary-perarch skipdbg=false
See also
The above instructions provide a very simple recipe for obtaining the sources and then building them. If you are going to be doing more kernel development than simple configuration changes you may want to look at:
More information about using git to pull down the kernel sources.
For more info about ARM and cross compilation.