Livepatch

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This is a collection of notes and FAQs for the [[https://www.ubuntu.com/security/livepatch | Ubuntu Livepatch Service]]. That page has a general introduction, data sheet and the ability to sign up for the service.
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== System Requirements ==

|| Ubuntu release || Arch || Kernel Version || Kernel Variants ||
|| Ubuntu 20.04 LTS || 64-bit x86 || 5.4 (GA) || generic, lowlatency, aws, azure, oem, gcp, gke, gkeop ||
|| Ubuntu 18.04 LTS || 64-bit x86 || 5.4 (HWE) || generic, lowlatency, gke, gkeop ||
|| Ubuntu 18.04 LTS || 64-bit x86 || 4.15 (GA) || generic, lowlatency, aws, oem, fips, azure-fips, gke ||
|| Ubuntu 16.04 LTS || 64-bit x86 || 4.15 (HWE)|| generic, lowlatency, azure, fips ||
|| Ubuntu 16.04 LTS || 64-bit x86 || 4.4 (GA) || generic, lowlatency, aws, fips ||
|| Ubuntu 14.04 ESM || 64-bit x86 || 4.4 (HWE) || generic, lowlatency ||

GA is the kernel a release launched with while [[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/LTSEnablementStack|HWE or Hardware Enablement]] is what has been added per that process. A rolling HWE kernel means that it will require major kernel upgrades per that LTS's specific plan.

Additionally, network access to the Ubuntu Livepatch Service (https://livepatch.canonical.com:443) and the latest version of snapd (at least 2.15) are needed.

== Security Notices ==
The Livepatch Security Notices (LSN) are notifications issued for kernel vulnerabilities. They can be accessed by following our [[https://ubuntu.com/security/notices|Security notices]] or by subscribing to the [[https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-security-announce|Ubuntu Security Announcements]] mailing list. LSNs are released for every high or critical kernel vulnerability. They are released for:
 * Announcing a new livepatch addressing a vulnerability.
 * Communicating an alert if a livepatch cannot be released describing the reason and possible mitigation. In that case
   * a standard [[https://ubuntu.com/security/notices|Ubuntu security notice]] (USN) will be released with packages along side it to fix the issue.
   * the livepatch client will issue a warning that an update and reboot is necessary.


== FAQ ==

=== What kinds of updates will be provided by the Ubuntu Livepatch Service? ===

The Livepatch Service intends to address high and critical severity Linux kernel security vulnerabilities, as identified by Ubuntu Security Notices and the [[https://people.canonical.com/~ubuntu-security/cve/|CVE]] tracker. Since there are limitations to the [[https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/Documentation/livepatch/livepatch.rst|kernel livepatch technology]], some Linux kernel code paths cannot be safely patched while running. There may be occasions when the traditional kernel upgrade and reboot might still be necessary.

Livepatches are developed and released based on kernel SRU releases, and contain a subset of the CVEs fixed by that kernel SRU. Livepatches are cumulative, so when a new livepatch is released, it contains both the new CVE fixes, as well as all of the CVE fixes from the previous release of that livepatch.

=== What kinds of updates are not provided by the Livepatch service? ===

The livepatch service provides patches exclusively for Canonical-released kernels, addressing security issues that have been assigned a CVE and are rated as high or critical priority.

Livepatches are intended to address significant security issues in the kernel, and provide customers with
protection from serious vulnerabilities until they can schedule a reboot. All CVEs that are rated as either a
high or critical issue will always be livepatched if possible, and, if it is not possible, a notification
that a reboot is required will be issued by the Livepatch client.

There are frequently patches included in [[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/KernelTeam/KernelUpdates|kernel updates]]
that are not included in the Livepatch service, such as:
 * bug fixes that are not security issues
 * performance improvements
 * driver updates
 * new features

To receive these updates, it is necessary to upgrade the kernel package using the package manager for the
system (apt for Ubuntu desktop or server, or snapd if running on Ubuntu Core) and then reboot into the
upgraded kernel.

=== When should I expect updates? ===

Livepatches are related to and are ''usually'' derived from, but are not the same as, the kernel SRU updates for CVEs. While the vulnerabilities being addressed by both kernel SRU updates and livepatches are the same, the process for development and testing are not. A livepatch for a vulnerability can be significantly more complex than an ordinary kernel patch, and due to the additional complexity, can take more time to develop and test.

Canonical is committed to livepatching every high or critical rated CVE possible as quickly as we can, and in ideal circumstances, a livepatch will be available at the same time as the corresponding kernel SRU update.

If we determine that we cannot livepatch a high or critical CVE, we will inform our livepatch users at the same time an SRU kernel update that does fix the issue becomes available, in two ways:
 * The livepatch client will indicate that the system must be rebooted by reporting a state of "reboot required." This will be accompanied by a notification in the desktop, on desktop systems, and a notification in the MOTD on the terminal.
 * A LSN will be released containing instructions to reboot into a new SRU kernel that contains a fix for the CVE. LSNs are released on both the security website and via email.

=== How do you rate a CVE? ===
We do not use an external rating system, but rate based on these qualifications:
|| '''negligible''' || Something that is technically a security problem, but is only theoretical in nature, requires a very special situation, has almost no install base, or does no real damage. These tend not to get backport from upstreams, and will likely not be included in security updates unless there is an easy fix and some other issue causes an update.||
|| '''low''' || Something that is a security problem, but is hard to exploit due to environment, requires a user-assisted attack, a small install base, or does very little damage. These tend to be included in security updates only when higher priority issues require an update, or if many low priority issues have built up.||
|| '''medium''' || Something is a real security problem, and is exploitable for many people. Includes network daemon denial of service attacks, cross-site scripting, and gaining user privileges. Updates should be made soon for this priority of issue.||
|| '''high''' || A real problem, exploitable for many people in a default installation. Includes serious remote denial of services, local root privilege escalations, or data loss.||
|| '''critical''' || A world-burning problem, exploitable for nearly all people in a default installation of Ubuntu. Includes remote root privilege escalations, or massive data loss.||

=== What happens when a problem occurs that can't be patched? ===
When an un-patchable security issue occurs, users '''must''' upgrade to a version of the kernel that is fixed, and reboot. Problems of this type are announced on the mailing list via LSN. Kernels prior to the levels named in that announcement will no longer be livepatched.

The Livepatch client will report a state of "kernel-upgrade-required" if you are running a kernel that is no longer livepatched due to an earlier un-patchable kernel security issue.

=== Why isn't Livepatch working on my machine? ===

==== UNSUPPORTED KERNELS ====

Livepatch supports only kernels that have been released by the kernel team to the updates pocket, i.e. officially-released kernels acquired through APT using Canonical's repository for system updates, or Snap-based kernels released by Canonical to stable Snap channels.

While a livepatch *might* successfully apply to a kernel acquired from other sources, only kernels released by Canonical are supported. Kernels from other sources are not supported, including but not limited to:

 * kernels acquired from the development (proposed) kernel PPA
 * kernels acquired from the kernel team's build PPA
 * test kernels acquired from the kernel team's development PPAs
 * personally-rebuilt kernels using the source debian package
 * personally-rebuilt kernels using snapcraft
 * kernels acquired from a Ubuntu-derived distribution

Please be aware that while it may be possible to build a kernel with the same version markings as an officially-supported kernel, and to attempt to load a Canonical-generated livepatch into that kernel, it will likely not work, and can potentially crash your system or corrupt your data.

==== SECUREBOOT ====
If you are using secure boot, you will also need to import the livepatch public keys into your keyring.

This can be done with the following command:

{{{sudo mokutil --import /snap/canonical-livepatch/current/keys/livepatch-kmod.x509}}}

After this enter a password if necessary for MOK, then reboot.
Your BIOS will then guide you through enrolling a new key in MOK. At this point you will be able to verify the module signatures.

=== How do I get more help? ===

For support questions see:
[[https://www.ubuntu.com/management/ubuntu-advantage]]

Ubuntu Advantage customers may file support tickets at:
[[https://support.canonical.com]]

=== Bugs ===
Please file bugs using the following URL:
[[https://bugs.launchpad.net/canonical-livepatch-client/+filebug]]

When you open a bug, please provide the output from the following commands, so that we can troubleshoot your issue:

 * snap info canonical-livepatch
 * canonical-livepatch status
 * lsb_release -a
 * uname -a
 * journalctl -u snap.canonical-livepatch.canonical-livepatchd (this can be long, so maybe | tail -100 for recent issues)

Recommend marking the bug as private if any of the above contains personal information that you do not want publicly available and searchable.		 This page was a collection of notes and FAQs for the [[https://www.ubuntu.com/security/livepatch | Ubuntu Livepatch Service]]. It has moved to a new location. See:
 * [[https://ubuntu.com/security/livepatch|Ubuntu Livepatch Service]]
 * [[https://ubuntu.com/security/livepatch/docs/|Livepatch documentation]]

Linux Kernel Livepatching

This page was a collection of notes and FAQs for the Ubuntu Livepatch Service. It has moved to a new location. See:

Kernel/Livepatch (last edited 2021-10-21 19:14:00 by nmavrogiannopoulos)