OpenLDAPServer
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= Introduction = LDAP means Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, it is a simplified version of X500 protocol. You will find a more detailed presentation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LDAP on Wikipedia]. To describe quickly, all informations are stored in a tree. You have to determine by yourself the directory arborescence (the Directory Information Tree: the DIT). We will begin with a basic tree with two nodes above the root : * "People" node where your users will be stored * "Groups" node where your groups will be stored You have to first determine what the root of your LDAP will be. By default, your tree will be determined by your internet domain. If your domain is example.com (we will use it in the above example), your root will be {{{dc=example,dc=com}}}. = Installation = First of all, install the ldap server daemon (slapd) on the server ; install the following packages: {{{slapd}}} and {{{ldap-utils}}} (see InstallingSoftware). Enter your domain as asked and the password that you want for the directory administrator. Only few changes will be operated on the default configuration. First set the root password in the configuration file (instead of in the directory) by editing the file {{{/etc/ldap/slapd.conf}}}. Don't use a cleartext password however. To generate an encrypted password first use {{{slappasswd yourpasswd}}} {{{ $ slappasswd New password: Re-enter password: {SSHA}d2BamRTgBuhC6SxC0vFGWol31ki8iq5m }}} This example shows what happens when using the string "secret" as the password. (By nature of the SSHA encryption scheme, your result will vary.) Now edit {{{/etc/ldap/slapd.conf}}} and copy paste the generated string. {{{ # Make sure you edit or add these directives after the first 'database' directive. suffix "dc=example,dc=com" directory "/var/lib/ldap" rootdn "cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com" rootpw {SSHA}d2BamRTgBuhC6SxC0vFGWol31ki8iq5m }}} = Populating LDAP = The directory has been created at the installation, now it is time to populate. It will be populated with a "classical" entry that will be compatible with directory (for example for a shared directory), with classical accounts (for a web application) and with Unix accounts (posix). LDAP directory can be fed with a ldif file (ldif means ldap directory interchange format). Generate this example text file {{{init.ldif}}} somewhere on your system: {{{ dn: dc=example,dc=com objectClass: dcObject objectClass: organizationalUnit dc: example ou: Example Dot Com dn: ou=people,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: people dn: ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: groups dn: uid=lionel,ou=people,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: inetOrgPerson objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: shadowAccount uid: lionel sn: Porcheron givenName: Lionel cn: Lionel Porcheron displayName: Lionel Porcheron uidNumber: 1000 gidNumber: 10000 gecos: Lionel Porcheron loginShell: /bin/bash homeDirectory: /home/lionel shadowExpire: -1 shadowFlag: 0 shadowWarning: 7 shadowMin: 8 shadowMax: 999999 shadowLastChange: 10877 mail: lionel.porcheron@example.com postalCode: 31000 l: Toulouse o: Example mobile: +33 (0)6 xx xx xx xx homePhone: +33 (0)5 xx xx xx xx title: System Administrator postalAddress: initials: LP dn: cn=example,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup cn: example gidNumber: 10000 }}} In the example above, the directory structure, a user and group have been setup. In other example you might see the objectClass: top added in every entry, but that is default behaviour so you don't have to add it explicitely. Now, add your entries to the LDAP : * stop LDAP daemon: {{{sudo /etc/init.d/slapd stop}}} * delete the content that was automaticaly added at installation: {{{sudo rm -rf /var/lib/ldap/*}}} * add the content {{{sudo slapadd -l init.ldif }}} We can check that the content has been correctly added with the tools from the ldap-utils package. In order to execute a search in the LDAP directory : {{{ ldapsearch -xLLL uid=lionel sn givenName cn dn: uid=lionel,ou=people,dc=example,dc=com cn: Lionel Porcheron sn: Porcheron givenName: Lionel }}} Just a quick explanation : * {{{-x}}} is because we do not use SASL authentication method (by default) * {{{-LLL}}} disable printing LDIF informations = Put your LDAP server to use = Now that it is up and running you can: * authenticate your users on the directory as explained in ["LDAPClientAuthentication"] * authenticate your users in a web application. * use it as a shared address directory for your mail agent. Use of LDAP are infinite ! = LDAP replication = LDAP service often quickly becomes a highly critical service in an information system: all is depending of LDAP: autentication, authorization, mail system, etc. It can be a good idea to setup a redundant system. It is easy to setup, here is a quick howto. == Introduction == With OpenLDAP 2.2 (on Breezy and Dapper), replication is based on a master-slave relation. attachment:IconsPage/IconWarning3.png You will have to remember that modifications should ALWAYS be done on the master ! If you modifies the slave, modifications will get lost. == LDAP master == On the master, you have to modify the database section of the {{{/etc/ldap/slapd.conf}}} to add a {{{replica}}} instruction. The following example shows a replica on {{{ldap-2.example.com}}} with the Manager user with {{{secret}}} as password. The replication logfile is the place modifications are stored before they are send to the LDAP slave. {{{ replica uri=ldap://ldap-2.example.com:389 binddn="cn=Manager,dc=example,dc=com" bindmethod=simple credentials=secret replogfile /var/lib/ldap/replog }}} Restart your LDAP server. == LDAP slave == On the slave, you have to authorize your master to update LDAP database. Add the following lines to your {{{/etc/ldap/slapd.conf}}} file in the database section: {{{ updatedn cn=Manager,dc=example,dc=com updateref ldap://ldap-1.example.com }}} Restart your LDAP server. = Links = * [http://www.openldap.org OpenLDAP website] give you lot of informations * [http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/html_single/LDAP-HOWTO/ LDAP HOWTO] * [http://luma.sourceforge.net/] Simple gui to LDAP administration, available in repositories. ---- CategoryDocumentation |
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OpenLDAPServer (last edited 2008-08-06 16:22:34 by localhost)