CommonInfrastructure
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← Revision 90 as of 2014-02-06 14:06:30 ⇥
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| * Backports are now more easily accessible -- to enable users to more easily receive new versions of software, the Ubuntu Backports repository is now enabled by default. Packages from backports will not be installed by default — they must explicitly be selected in package management software. However, once installed, packages from backports will automatically be upgraded to newer versions. | |
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| === Linux v3.2.14 Kernel === Ubuntu 12.04 LTS ships with an updated kernel moving from the mainline v3.0 series to the mainline v3.2 series. At release we are shipping with the Ubuntu 3.2.0-23.36 kernel which is based on the [[http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable.git;a=commit;h=23d8c3f8f494c8516c9b4c05529e118e6a485956|v3.2.14 upstream stable Linux kernel]]. The mainline v3.0 to v3.2 stable series update brings a number of new features. Some highlights include: |
* DVD Images -- the DVD images have been cleaned up significantly reducing their size to around 1.5GB to ease consumption. The remaining software remains available via download. |
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| * ext4 gains support for larger base block sizes * btrfs has more work addressing data integrity issues * device mapper gains thin provisioning and recursive snapshots * more work to improve performance under high writeback load * networking improvements for conjested networks * ext3 moves to using filesystem barriers * memory allocator improvements * VFS scalability improvements * a new iSCSI implementation * software wait gains bad block management |
* As of 12.04.2, it is possible to install on UEFI systems with Secure Boot enabled (using signed versions of Shim, GRUB, and the Linux kernel). This is only currently set up for Ubuntu (desktop, alternate, and server) and Edubuntu images due to pressures of time. |
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| Key changes in the Ubuntu kernel since the 3.0.0-12.20 Ubuntu kernel as shipped in the 11.10 Ubuntu release include: | * Both the 3.2 and 3.5 versions of the Linux kernel included as part of the 12.04.2 release have a workaround for Bug:1040557, which bricked some models of Samsung laptops when installing Ubuntu in UEFI mode. (The underlying problem is a firmware bug, and may still be triggerable in other ways.) |
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| * Rebase to [[http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable.git;a=commit;h=23d8c3f8f494c8516c9b4c05529e118e6a485956|upstream stable Linux kernel v3.2.14]]. * The [[https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kernel-team/2011-October/017471.html|amd64 -generic and -server kernel flavors have been merged]] into a single -generic kernel flavor for Ubuntu 12.04. Given the few differences that existed between the two flavors, it only made sense to merge the two and reduce the overall maintenance burden over the life of this LTS release. * Support for a new armhf kernel flavor has been introduced. * The [[https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel/2012-March/034969.html|non-smp PowerPC kernel flavor has been removed]]. All hardware currently supported by the non-smp PowerPC kernel flavor should also be supported by the smp PowerPC kernel flavor. * [[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/PowerManagementRC6|RC6 is enabled by default for Sandy Bridge systems]]. RC6 is a technology which allows the GPU to go into a very low power consumption state when the GPU is idle (down to 0W). It results in considerable power savings when this stage is activated. When comparing under idle loads with machine state where RC6 is disabled, improved power usage of around 40-60% has been witnessed. * An improved set of [[https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kernel-team/2012-January/018514.html|jack detection patches]] has been backported from the upstream v3.3 Linux kernel. * An updated AppArmor patch set has been included to better align with what is landing upstream. * Applied and enabled the [[http://www.outflux.net/blog/archives/2012/03/22/seccomp-filter-now-in-ubuntu/|seccomp filters feature]] which uses the packet filtering machinery (BPF) to restrict access to system calls. * A set of [[https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kernel-team/2012-January/018520.html|kexec fixes for arm from v3.3-rc1]] has also been backported. * We've also conducted an [[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/KernelTeam/Specs/PreciseKernelConfigReviewPreciseRally| extensive review of Ubuntu kernel configs]] and made numerous config changes as a result. |
=== Ubuntu Kernel 3.11 === By default, the 12.04.4 point release will ship with a newer [[https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-lts-saucy|3.11]] Ubuntu kernel from Ubuntu 13.10, and a matching X.org stack. This is based on the [[http://kernel.ubuntu.com/git?p=ubuntu/linux.git|3.11.0]] [[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Dev/ExtendedStable|Extended Upstream Stable Kernel Release]]. The purpose of providing a newer kernel in the 12.04.4 point release is for hardware enablement. For more information regarding the 12.04.4 LTS Hardware Enablement Stack, please refer to: |
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| * https://wiki.ubuntu.com/PrecisePangolin/ReleaseNotes/UbuntuDesktop#LTS_Hardware_Enablement_Stack | |
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| Ubuntu 12.04 is distributed with a default toolchain that includes: [[http://www.gnu.org/software/gcc/|GCC]] 4.6.3, binutils 2.22, eglibc 2.15, and [[https://launchpad.net/gdb-linaro|Linaro gdb]] 7.4-2012.02. | Ubuntu 12.04 is distributed with a default toolchain that includes: [[http://www.gnu.org/software/gcc/|GCC]] 4.6.3 (and changes from Linaro GCC 4.6-2012.02), binutils 2.22, eglibc 2.15, and [[https://launchpad.net/gdb-linaro|Linaro gdb]] 7.4-2012.04. Compared to the 11.10 release, the toolchain saw only incremental changes and bug fixes; comparing to the 10.04 LTS release, GCC updates include * Updated frontends for better standards support (Ada 2012, Objective-C 2.0, improved experimental support for the upcoming C++0x ISO C++ standard, Fortran 2003 and 2008 improvements, new Go frontend) * Improved optimizations, including better inter-procedural optimizations, and link time optimization (LTO). Further information can be found upstream ([[http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.6/changes.html|GCC-4.6]], [[http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.6/changes.html|GCC-4.5]], [[http://sourceware.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/~checkout~/src/binutils/NEWS?rev=1.104&content-type=text/plain&cvsroot=src&only_with_tag=binutils-binutils-2_22|binutils]], [[http://sourceware.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/~checkout~/src/gas/NEWS?rev=1.119&content-type=text/plain&cvsroot=src&only_with_tag=binutils-binutils-2_22|gas]], [[http://sourceware.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/~checkout~/src/ld/NEWS?rev=1.121&content-type=text/plain&cvsroot=src&only_with_tag=binutils-binutils-2_22|ld]], [[http://sourceware.org/gdb/download/ANNOUNCEMENT|gdb]]). |
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| * Ubuntu 12.04 includes [[http://python.org|Python]] 2.7 and [[http://python.org|Python]] 3.2. Python 2.6 is no longer available for install. | * Ubuntu 12.04 includes [[http://python.org|Python]] 2.7.3 and [[http://python.org|Python]] 3.2.3. Python 2.6 is no longer available for install. |
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| The default run time for Java is [[PrecisePangolin/ReleaseNotes/CommonInfrastructure|OpenJDK]]... | The default run time for Java is [[http://openjdk.java.net/|OpenJDK]] 6b24 ([[http://icedtea.classpath.org/|IcedTea]] 1.11.1). OpenJDK 7u3 (Iced``Tea 2.1) is available in the archive as well. |
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| * [Dell Studio XPS 1340,Alienware m17x] Kernel panic and hang on boot due to the ite-cir driver. A patch has been sent upstream and a test kernel is referenced in the bug report. The fix will be immediately available as a kernel update from the precise-updates pocket following 12.04's release. (Bug:984387) | |
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| * When closing the lid on a Unibody Macbook, the screen interacts with the touchpad. This can cause spurious gestures and clicks, and potentially lead to corrupted input driver state if the laptop suspends. To work around the issue, remove and reload the kernel module after resume by running: {{{ $ sudo rmmod bcm5974 $ sudo modprobe bcm5974 }}} Note that this may disable some touchpad options, for example horizontal scrolling. These options can be re-enabled by visiting the Mouse and Touchpad settings. This is planned to be fixed in a post-release update (Bug:968845). |
* Importing of existing Windows user accounts fails in some cases. (Bug:987902) |
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| * TODO: Add in (Bug:944748) * TODO: Add in (Bug:975251) * TODO: Add in (Bug:289952) |
## * TODO: Add in (Bug:289952) - pitti: apparently does not apply to most users * Wubi (the Ubuntu installer for Windows) is not available as an option on the Ubuntu Desktop/DVD any more. Instead, it is now a separate download. * A bug in the firmware on certain Samsung laptop models leaves these machines at risk of being rendered inoperable ("bricked") when booted in UEFI mode. Steps have been taken with the kernel in 12.04.2 to mitigate this problem, but only a future firmware update from Samsung will resolve this issue with 100% reliability. It is therefore recommended that users boot their systems in CSM ("compatibility support module") mode to avoid this issue. (Bug:1040557) * Performing automatic encrypted LVM installation using Kubuntu and Xubuntu 12.04.4 alternate installer images results in a failure to configure encrypted volumes. Please either use manual partitioning to create encrypted volumes with any non-default "IV algorithm" setting or use 12.04.3 media to complete the installation. (Bug:1276739) |
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| * Aptitude does not work on 64-bit systems without disabling multiarch in /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/multiarch . (Bug:831768) * If you have i386 packages installed on an amd64 system in Ubuntu 11.10, it is strongly recommended that you install the versions of apt and dpkg from oneiric-updates before upgrading. A number of multiarch-affecting upgrade issues have been fixed in those versions. (Bug:850264, Bug:902603) * TODO: Add in (Bug:987902) * TODO: Add in (Bug:979661) update-manager "oneiric to precise: debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Gnome and falls back to Dialog" - need to get latest results from QA testing, and decide if this needs to be release noted (workaround) or not. |
* If you have overridden the value of APT::Cache-Limit in /etc/apt/apt.conf or /etc/apt/apt.conf.d, you should remove these settings before upgrading. The release-upgrader-apt used by update-manager for upgrades from lucid to precise no longer has any hard coded limit on the cache size. * If you are running a KVM host with libvirt and are upgrading from Ubuntu 10.04 LTS to 12.04 LTS you may find that some existing virtual machines are no longer recognized (virsh list --all). A change to each guest's XML file may be needed, related to how console and serial devices are now configured. (Bug:931350) |
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| * [Dell Studio XPS 1340,Alienware m17x] Kernel panic and hang on boot due to the ite-cir driver. A patch has been sent upstream and a test kernel is referenced in the bug report. The fix will be immediately available as a kernel update from the precise-updates pocket following 12.04's release. (Bug:984387) * Missing support for Sentelic touchpad in Asus K53U notebook. Patches have been backported and will be immediately available as a kernel update from the precise-updates pocket following 12.04's release. (Bug:969334) * Missing support for BCM20702A0 Broadcom bluetooth device [0489:e042]. A patch has been sent upstream. The fix will be immediately available as a kernel update from the precise-updates pocket following 12.04's release. (Bug:980965) * Buffer overflows in comedi driver. Patches have been backported from upstream and a test kernel is referenced in the bug report. The fix will be immediately available as a kernel update from the precise-updates pocket following 12.04's release. (Bug:981234) * Intel gma 4500mhd external monitor suffers from a scrambled picture. A patches has been backported from upstream. The fix will be immediately available as a kernel update from the precise-updates pocket following 12.04's release. (Bug:796030) * Kernel Oops - BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request; RIP: nfs_have_delegation+0x9/0x40 [nfs]. Some users attempting to run NFS clients on 12.04 appear to be affected. A test kernel is referenced from the bug report. Patches have been backported from upstream and will be immediately available in a kernel update from the precise-updates pocket following 12.04's release. (Bug:974664) * Patches from upstream stable v3.2.15 and v3.2.16 will undergo a baking period in the precise-proposed pocket during the first kernel SRU cycle. They will then be released as a kernel update from the precise-updates pocket approximately 3 weeks after 12.04 releases. (Bug:981162, Bug:987337) * hid-logitech-dj driver missing from the installer. It has been added to the d-i input-modules udeb and will be included in the 12.04.1 point release. (Bug:975198) * rtl8187 driver missing from the installer. It has been added to the d-i nic-usb-modules udeb and will be included in the 12.04.1 point release. (Bug:971719) * eGalaxis Touchscreen Driver does not work. Patches have been backported from upstream and will be immediately available in a kernel update from the precise-updates pocket following 12.04's release. (Bug:913164) * ATI/radeon framebuffers on PowerPC only enabled as modules and not built in. This results in issues such as booting to a command prompt, loss of tty consoles, and loss of suspend. A patch to build these in have been applied and will be immediately available in a kernel update from the precise-updates pocket following 12.04's release. (Bug:949288) |
* On systems with an ATI Radeon 9200 graphics card the system will boot to a black screen. As a work around edit the kernel command line in the boot loader and add "nomodeset". (Bug:725580) * Fujitsu Siemens Amilo M 7400 and Maxdata 7000DX wireless RF kill handling triggers a kernel panic preventing wireless from operating correctly. This may be worked around by editing your kernel command line and adding "noexec=off". (Bug:979253) * Beagle XM systems which are capable of running at 1GHZ will be initialised at 800MHZ leading to slower than optimal performance. (Bug:771537) * Some EFI systems fail to boot in EFI mode. BIOS mode is advised in these situations. (Bug:721576) |
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| * windows vms which previously worked with 'vga' video now need 'cirrus' video. | * Windows vms which previously worked with 'vga' video now need 'cirrus' video. === Toolchain === * Python 2.7.3 includes a fix for a security vulnerability affecting Python's dict and set implementations. Carefully crafted, untrusted input could lead to extremely long computation times and denials of service. Although disabled by default, vulnerable applications such as CGI scripts can explicitly enable "hash randomization" to prevent this exploit. Due to implementation details of this fix, virtualenvs created with older 2.7.x releases may not work with 2.7.3. Specifically, the os module may not appear to have a urandom function. This problem can be solved by recreating the broken virtualenvs with the newer Python 2.7.3 version. See http://bugs.python.org/issue13703 for full details. (Bug:954595) === Compatibility with AMD-backed Xen Virtual Machines === * Due to a misfeature in eglibc's detection of AVX and FMA4 support, the installation media for 12.04 and 12.04.1 will fail when used to install a system on a Xen virtual machine backed by very new AMD CPUs. This was addressed in 12.04.2 by an eglibc update and new installation media based on it. (Bug:956051) |
New Features
Common Infrastructure
- Up until Ubuntu 11.10, administrator access using the sudo tool was granted via the "admin" Unix group. In Ubuntu 12.04, administrator access will be granted via the "sudo" group. This makes Ubuntu more consistent with the upstream implementation and Debian. For compatibility purposes, the "admin" group will continue to provide sudo/administrator access in 12.04.
Hibernate (suspend to disk) has been disabled by default, as it was found to be unreliable, very slow and confusing to have two suspend modes. See bug 812394 for details. If you want to re-enable it, please follow this recipe.
- pm-utils now has two new scripts to power down USB and various PCI devices in battery mode. A number of desktop packages were fixed to wake up less often. Both of these reduce power consumption and thus improve battery lifetime.
resolvconf is now used to manage /etc/resolv.conf on all Ubuntu systems. You can learn more here
- Backports are now more easily accessible -- to enable users to more easily receive new versions of software, the Ubuntu Backports repository is now enabled by default. Packages from backports will not be installed by default — they must explicitly be selected in package management software. However, once installed, packages from backports will automatically be upgraded to newer versions.
- DVD Images -- the DVD images have been cleaned up significantly reducing their size to around 1.5GB to ease consumption. The remaining software remains available via download.
- As of 12.04.2, it is possible to install on UEFI systems with Secure Boot enabled (using signed versions of Shim, GRUB, and the Linux kernel). This is only currently set up for Ubuntu (desktop, alternate, and server) and Edubuntu images due to pressures of time.
Both the 3.2 and 3.5 versions of the Linux kernel included as part of the 12.04.2 release have a workaround for 1040557, which bricked some models of Samsung laptops when installing Ubuntu in UEFI mode. (The underlying problem is a firmware bug, and may still be triggerable in other ways.)
Ubuntu Kernel 3.11
By default, the 12.04.4 point release will ship with a newer 3.11 Ubuntu kernel from Ubuntu 13.10, and a matching X.org stack. This is based on the 3.11.0 Extended Upstream Stable Kernel Release. The purpose of providing a newer kernel in the 12.04.4 point release is for hardware enablement. For more information regarding the 12.04.4 LTS Hardware Enablement Stack, please refer to:
Upstart 1.5
Upstart has been updated to version 1.5. More details are available in the Upstart Technical Overview.
GNU Toolchain
Ubuntu 12.04 is distributed with a default toolchain that includes: GCC 4.6.3 (and changes from Linaro GCC 4.6-2012.02), binutils 2.22, eglibc 2.15, and Linaro gdb 7.4-2012.04.
Compared to the 11.10 release, the toolchain saw only incremental changes and bug fixes; comparing to the 10.04 LTS release, GCC updates include
- Updated frontends for better standards support (Ada 2012, Objective-C 2.0, improved experimental support for the upcoming C++0x ISO C++ standard, Fortran 2003 and 2008 improvements, new Go frontend)
- Improved optimizations, including better inter-procedural optimizations, and link time optimization (LTO).
Further information can be found upstream (GCC-4.6, GCC-4.5, binutils, gas, ld, gdb).
Python Toolchain
Ubuntu 12.04 includes Python 2.7.3 and Python 3.2.3. Python 2.6 is no longer available for install.
- There is expanded support for Python 3 in this release, with Python 3 ports of python-dbus, python-feedparser, germinate, lazr.ui, wadllib, python-defer, python-keyring, and python-qt4 now included, among others.
Java Toolchain
The default run time for Java is OpenJDK 6b24 (IcedTea 1.11.1). OpenJDK 7u3 (IcedTea 2.1) is available in the archive as well.
Known Issues
Boot, Installation and Post-Installation
Importing of existing Windows user accounts fails in some cases. (987902)
- Wubi (the Ubuntu installer for Windows) is not available as an option on the Ubuntu Desktop/DVD any more. Instead, it is now a separate download.
A bug in the firmware on certain Samsung laptop models leaves these machines at risk of being rendered inoperable ("bricked") when booted in UEFI mode. Steps have been taken with the kernel in 12.04.2 to mitigate this problem, but only a future firmware update from Samsung will resolve this issue with 100% reliability. It is therefore recommended that users boot their systems in CSM ("compatibility support module") mode to avoid this issue. (1040557)
Performing automatic encrypted LVM installation using Kubuntu and Xubuntu 12.04.4 alternate installer images results in a failure to configure encrypted volumes. Please either use manual partitioning to create encrypted volumes with any non-default "IV algorithm" setting or use 12.04.3 media to complete the installation. (1276739)
Upgrades
- If you have overridden the value of APT::Cache-Limit in /etc/apt/apt.conf or /etc/apt/apt.conf.d, you should remove these settings before upgrading. The release-upgrader-apt used by update-manager for upgrades from lucid to precise no longer has any hard coded limit on the cache size.
If you are running a KVM host with libvirt and are upgrading from Ubuntu 10.04 LTS to 12.04 LTS you may find that some existing virtual machines are no longer recognized (virsh list --all). A change to each guest's XML file may be needed, related to how console and serial devices are now configured. (931350)
Kernel
On ARM omap images, the networking support for the Beagle XM board is broken (838200)
On systems with an ATI Radeon 9200 graphics card the system will boot to a black screen. As a work around edit the kernel command line in the boot loader and add "nomodeset". (725580)
Fujitsu Siemens Amilo M 7400 and Maxdata 7000DX wireless RF kill handling triggers a kernel panic preventing wireless from operating correctly. This may be worked around by editing your kernel command line and adding "noexec=off". (979253)
Beagle XM systems which are capable of running at 1GHZ will be initialised at 800MHZ leading to slower than optimal performance. (771537)
Some EFI systems fail to boot in EFI mode. BIOS mode is advised in these situations. (721576)
Libvirt
- Windows vms which previously worked with 'vga' video now need 'cirrus' video.
Toolchain
Python 2.7.3 includes a fix for a security vulnerability affecting Python's dict and set implementations. Carefully crafted, untrusted input could lead to extremely long computation times and denials of service. Although disabled by default, vulnerable applications such as CGI scripts can explicitly enable "hash randomization" to prevent this exploit. Due to implementation details of this fix, virtualenvs created with older 2.7.x releases may not work with 2.7.3. Specifically, the os module may not appear to have a urandom function. This problem can be solved by recreating the broken virtualenvs with the newer Python 2.7.3 version. See http://bugs.python.org/issue13703 for full details. (954595)
Compatibility with AMD-backed Xen Virtual Machines
Due to a misfeature in eglibc's detection of AVX and FMA4 support, the installation media for 12.04 and 12.04.1 will fail when used to install a system on a Xen virtual machine backed by very new AMD CPUs. This was addressed in 12.04.2 by an eglibc update and new installation media based on it. (956051)
PrecisePangolin/ReleaseNotes/CommonInfrastructure (last edited 2014-02-06 14:06:30 by 82-69-40-219)