Ubuntu
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| = AddingRepositoriesHowto = ## AddingRepositoriesHowto = How to add [Repositories] to your sources.list = http://www.ubuntulinux.org/wiki/IconHelp.png This page will discuss how to add other [Repositories] to your {{{/etc/apt/sources.list}}}. I will also show how to uncomment {{{universe}}}. == Index == * Uncommenting Universe * Using Synaptic * Using Terminal * Adding outside repositories * Adding outside repositories using Synaptic * Adding outside repositories using a Terminal == Uncommenting Universe == === Using Synaptic === To uncomment the {{{universe}}} repository follow these instructions. Start {{{Synaptic Package Manager}}} from the {{{Computer}}}, {{{System Configuration}}} menu http://www.ubuntulinux.org/wiki/PicSelectSynapticFromtheMenu.png When Synaptic started choose in the {{{Settings}}} menu the item [Repositories]. http://www.ubuntulinux.org/wiki/PicOpentheRepositoriesDialog.png |
||<tablestyle="float:right; font-size: 0.9em; width:40%; background:#F1F1ED; margin: 0 0 1em 1em;" style="padding:0.5em;">'''Contents'''[[BR]][[TableOfContents(3)]]|| |
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| You see a list of repositories. Use the checkboxes (if checkboxes aren't shown, tick the 'show disabled sources' under settings) in the first column enable or disable a repository. Now you can enable the universe repositories. | [[Anchor(what)]] == What are Repositories? == |
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| Save the changes and close the window by pushing on {{{OK}}}. | There are thousands of programs available to install on Ubuntu. These programs are stored in software archives ('''repositories''') and are available for installation over the Internet. This makes it very easy to install new programs in Linux, and it is also very secure, because each program you install is thoroughly tested and built specifically for Ubuntu. |
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| Update the list of avaible packages with {{{Reload}}} in the main window. http://www.ubuntulinux.org/wiki/PicApplyTheseSettings.png |
The Ubuntu software repository is organised into four "components", on the basis of the level of support Ubuntu can offer them, and whether or not they comply with Ubuntu's [http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy Free Software Philosophy]. The components are called '''Main''' (officially supported software), '''Restricted''' (supported software that is not available under a completely free license), '''Universe''' (community-maintained, i.e. not officially supported software) and '''Multiverse''' (software that is "not free"). You can find more information about the Ubuntu Repositories [http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components here]. |
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| After downloading the packages list from the repositories you can install packages from universe. -------------- Using Terminal -------------- You can alternatively use a terminal and command line tools to enable universe. Start {{{Terminal}}} from {{{Applications}}}, {{{System Tools}}} in the menubar. Type in the command line: {{{ bash:~$ sudo nano -w /etc/apt/sources.list }}} The texteditor {{{nano}}} starts and open the configuration file for repositories. Than you will want to remove the {{{#}}} marks from infront of the lines that look like this: {{{ #deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary universe #deb-src ftp://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary universe }}} and remove the {{{#}}}, and add the word {{{multiverse}}} making them look like this: {{{ deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary universe multiverse deb-src ftp://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary universe multiverse }}} Afterwards, you update your sources with the following command: {{{ bash:~$ sudo apt-get update }}} == Adding outside repositories == Sometimes other users will make repositories for packages they have made. It is real easy to add these repositories to your system package manager. http://www.ubuntulinux.org/wiki/IconNote.png '''Note:''' You need to be careful doing this, some outside packages could break your Ubuntu install For a list of outside repositories see BreakMyUbuntu. === Adding outside repositories using Synaptic === As shown in the Using Synaptic screenshot above, start {{{Synaptic Package Manager}}} from the {{{Computer}}} menu, {{{System Configuration}}} item. Once Synaptic has launched, choose the {{{Settings}}} menu, [Repositories] item. You now see a window with a list of repositories. Push the button {{{New}}} to add a repository. Type in the information about the repositories in the dropdown menu and three textfields according to the following examples. Normally you find websites providing information about a repository in a form like the following example: {{{ deb http://www.grawert.net/ubuntu/ warty universe }}} This line provides the information for the Synaptic fields. * {{{deb}}} means it is a binary, so use the drop-down list to choose binary. Normally this is the default setting. * {{{http://www.grawert.net/ubuntu/}}} is the URI (Uniform Resource Identifier), which means in this case the location. * {{{warty}}} is the release name. * {{{universe}}} is the section name. |
The standard Ubuntu Install CD contains some software from the '''Main''' and '''Restricted''' categories. Once your system is made aware of the Internet-based locations for these repositories, many more software programs are made available for installation. Using the software package management tools already installed on your system, you can search for, install and update any piece of software directly over the Internet, without the need for the CD. |
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| Sometimes the repository line has less information though, as shown in the next example. {{{ deb http://www.getsweaaa.com/~tseng/ubuntu/debs ./ }}} |
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| The first two fields (deb and URI) are clearly similar to the first example above. However, the release-name is "./" so just put this (without the quotes) in the release field of Synaptic. It looks weird, but simply specifies the release as being whatever is in the directory given by the URI. Furthermore, there is no {{{section}}} information so just leave that text field blnk in your Synaptic entry. | [[BR]] == Adding Repositories in Ubuntu == attachment:IconsPage/eyes.png This page describes how to manage software repositories in '''Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake)'''. [:KubuntuAddingRepositoriesHowto: This wiki page] explains how to manage software repositories in '''Kubuntu 6.06''', and instructions for '''earlier versions of Ubuntu''' can be found on [:/Breezy: this wiki page]. attachment:IconsPage/terminal.png The operations described on this page modify the software repositories configuration file located at {{{ etc/apt/sources.list }}} Software sources can also be managed by making direct modifications to this file using the command line. If you prefer to use the command line instead of a graphical user interface, see the guide at [:AddingRepositoriesCliHowto: Managing Repositories with the CLI] instead. |
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| http://www.ubuntulinux.org/wiki/IconNote.png | [[BR]] == Adding the Universe and Multiverse Repositories == |
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| '''Note:''' Only the {{{section}}} information is optional, and then only with respect to the repository-maintainer. If there is section information, it must be specifed in Synaptic. It cannot be left blank. | [[BR]] * Navigate to "System" > "Administration" > "Software Properties". |
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| http://www.ubuntulinux.org/wiki/IconNote.png | attachment:menu-sw.png |
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| '''Note:''' If you make a mistake with the syntax in the fields you will get an error when you click the OK button in Synaptic. One cause is putting a trailing slash at the end of the URI. Also beware of leaving whitespaces at the beginning/end of the fields. | * A list of repositories or "Channels" will be shown. |
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| Save the changes and close the window by pushing on {{{OK}}}. | attachment:repos.png |
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| Update the list of avaible packages with {{{Reload}}} in the main window. After downloading the packages list from the repositories you can install packages from universe. | * Select '''Add'''. |
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| === Adding outside repositories using the Terminal === | * To enable the [#what Universe repository], check the '''Community maintained (Universe)''' button. |
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| You can alternatively use a terminal and command line tools to enable other repositories. Start {{{Terminal}}} from {{{Applications}}}, {{{System Tools}}} in the menubar. | * To enable the [#what Multiverse repository], check the '''Non-free (Multiverse)''' button. |
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| Type in the command line: | attachment:add-channel.png |
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| This example uses tseng's repository. {{{ bash:~$ echo deb http://www.getsweaaa.com/~tseng/ubuntu/debs ./ | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list }}} |
* The '''Universe''' or '''Multiverse''' repositories should now appear in the list of repositories. |
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| You would just substitute the {{{deb http://www.getsweaaa.com/~tseng/ubuntu/debs ./}}} with any other outside repositories name. | * Click '''Close''' to save your changes and exit. The next time you use the '''Synaptic''' package manager, click on the '''Reload''' button to make it aware of the new software repositories. attachment:reload.png [[BR]] attachment:IconsPage/eyes.png '''Integration with Synaptic Package Manager''' * You can also manage software repositories from within '''Synaptic''' by selecting "Settings" > "Repositories". attachment:synaptic-repos.png |
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| From GrahamTapper Fri May 6 12:35:47 +0100 2005 From: Graham Tapper Date: Fri, 06 May 2005 12:35:47 +0100 Subject: Use the checkbox in the first column... Message-ID: <20050506123547+0100@https://www.ubuntulinux.org> |
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| This had me baffled as the list of repositories I was looking at had no checkboxes and there was no reference to an "universe" ones anyway. It wasn't until I clicked "Settings" that I found that there is a checkbox you have to enable first so as to display all disabled repostories. Not until you do that do you see the missing repositories and get the missing checkboxes for each so as to enable/disable them. | [[BR]] == Adding Other Repositories == [[BR]] attachment:IconsPage/warning.png '''(Add a note of caution about non-Ubuntu repositories)''' You can add custom software repositories by adding the '''apt repository line''' of your software source to the list of repositories. To do so, click on the '''Add''' button next to the Channel list in the Software Management window, then select '''Custom'''. attachment:add-custom.png [[Anchor(aptline)]] * Enter the apt line into the dialog box. It should look something like this: {{{ deb http://mirror3.ubuntulinux.nl/ dapper-seveas freenx deb-src http://mirror3.ubuntulinux.nl/ breezy-seveas freenx }}} attachment:IconsPage/eyes.png For an explanation of the different parts of the apt line, see the [#edit Editing Repositories] section below. [[BR]] == Managing Local Repositories == === Removing the CD-ROM Repository === If you have installed Ubuntu from one of Ubuntu Installation CD-ROMs, it will be included in the list of repositories used by Ubuntu's package managment tools. When you install a new package, '''Synaptic''' will check whether the package is available locally (i.e. on the CD-ROM). '''Synaptic''' may then ask for the CD-ROM. This can help reduce the size of downloads and speed up the installation process. If you would like '''Synaptic''' to rely solely on the internet repositories for package management, you can disable the CD-ROM entry with a few steps: * Start '''Synaptic''' and navigate to "Settings" > "Repositories". [[BR]] A list of software repositories or "Channels" will be shown. * Locate the entry for the CD-ROM. (It may say something like '''CD disk with Ubuntu 6.06 LTS'''.) Click on the checkbox next to it to disable the CD-ROM as a software source. * Click the '''Close''' button to save the changes you have made. * You can re-enable the CD-ROM at any time using the checkbox next to its entry. [[BR]] == Removing Repositories == To remove software sources ("Channels") from the list, select the source and click on the '''Remove''' button. [[BR]] [[Anchor(edit)]] == Editing Repositories == To make changes to a software source, select it in the list and click the '''Edit''' button. A dialog box displays the apt line, broken up into its components. attachment:edit-channel.png * '''Type''' Software sources may contain software in '''binary''' or '''source code''' format. Select the option that corresponds to the repository. attachment:IconsPage/eyes.png The corresponding apt line has '''deb''' for binary repositories and '''deb-src''' for source code repositories. [[BR]] * '''URI''' Enter a valid Uniform Resource Indicator or URI fo the software repository. Here's a list of examples: * '''cdrom''' [[BR]] {{{ cdrom:[description_of_cd]/ }}} * '''ftp''' [[BR]] {{{ ftp://ftp.domain.ext/path/to/repository }}} * '''http''' [[BR]] {{{ http://www.domain.ext/path/to/repository }}} * '''smb''' (works only when the computer is connected to a Samba share) [[BR]] {{{ file://path/to/repository }}} * '''nfs''' (works only if the computer is connected to a NFS share) [[BR]] {{{ file://path/to/local/directory }}} [[BR]] * '''Distribution''' Select the name of the distribution or the name of the distribution version. [[BR]]('''dapper-seveas''' [#aptline in the example above].) [[BR]] * '''Sections''' Select the repository section to access. Add more sections by separated by spaces. [[BR]](The [#aptline example repository] has a '''freenx''' section.) [[BR]] * '''Comment''' Add a comment to describe the repository for easier reference. [[BR]] attachment:IconsPage/info.png Repositories defined using the '''Software Management''' window are available to '''Update-Manager''' and will therefore be checked periodically for updates. [[BR]] == Managing Authentication Keys == '''Authentication keys''' are usually obtained from the maintainer of the software repository. The maintainer will often place a copy of the authentication key on a public key server such as www.keyserver.net. The key can then be retrieved using the command {{{ gpg --keyserver [name of keyserver] --recv-keys [keyhash] }}} [[BR]] attachment:IconsPage/info.png For more on apt and authentication keys, see [http://wiki.debian.org/SecureApt SecureApt] on the Debian Wiki. [[BR]] == See also == * [:AddingRepositoriesCliHowto: Managing Software Repositories from the Command Line] * [:KubuntuAddingRepositoriesHowto: Managing Software Repositories in Kubuntu] * Chapter 2 of the Ubuntu Desktop Guide, [http://help.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/desktopguide/C/add-applications.html Adding, Removing and Updating Applications] * The [http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto Debian Apt User Manual] * '''man pages''' * sources.list [[BR]] ---- CategoryDocumentation CategoryCleanup |
ContentsBRTableOfContents(3) |
What are Repositories?
There are thousands of programs available to install on Ubuntu. These programs are stored in software archives (repositories) and are available for installation over the Internet. This makes it very easy to install new programs in Linux, and it is also very secure, because each program you install is thoroughly tested and built specifically for Ubuntu.
The Ubuntu software repository is organised into four "components", on the basis of the level of support Ubuntu can offer them, and whether or not they comply with Ubuntu's [http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy Free Software Philosophy]. The components are called Main (officially supported software), Restricted (supported software that is not available under a completely free license), Universe (community-maintained, i.e. not officially supported software) and Multiverse (software that is "not free"). You can find more information about the Ubuntu Repositories [http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components here].
The standard Ubuntu Install CD contains some software from the Main and Restricted categories. Once your system is made aware of the Internet-based locations for these repositories, many more software programs are made available for installation. Using the software package management tools already installed on your system, you can search for, install and update any piece of software directly over the Internet, without the need for the CD.
Adding Repositories in Ubuntu
attachment:IconsPage/eyes.png This page describes how to manage software repositories in Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake). [:KubuntuAddingRepositoriesHowto: This wiki page] explains how to manage software repositories in Kubuntu 6.06, and instructions for earlier versions of Ubuntu can be found on [:/Breezy: this wiki page].
attachment:IconsPage/terminal.png The operations described on this page modify the software repositories configuration file located at
etc/apt/sources.list
Software sources can also be managed by making direct modifications to this file using the command line. If you prefer to use the command line instead of a graphical user interface, see the guide at [:AddingRepositoriesCliHowto: Managing Repositories with the CLI] instead.
Adding the Universe and Multiverse Repositories
Navigate to "System" > "Administration" > "Software Properties".
attachment:menu-sw.png
- A list of repositories or "Channels" will be shown. attachment:repos.png
Select Add.
To enable the [#what Universe repository], check the Community maintained (Universe) button.
To enable the [#what Multiverse repository], check the Non-free (Multiverse) button.
- attachment:add-channel.png
The Universe or Multiverse repositories should now appear in the list of repositories.
Click Close to save your changes and exit.
The next time you use the Synaptic package manager, click on the Reload button to make it aware of the new software repositories.
- attachment:reload.png
BR attachment:IconsPage/eyes.png Integration with Synaptic Package Manager
You can also manage software repositories from within Synaptic by selecting "Settings" > "Repositories". attachment:synaptic-repos.png
Adding Other Repositories
BR attachment:IconsPage/warning.png (Add a note of caution about non-Ubuntu repositories)
You can add custom software repositories by adding the apt repository line of your software source to the list of repositories. To do so, click on the Add button next to the Channel list in the Software Management window, then select Custom.
- attachment:add-custom.png
- Enter the apt line into the dialog box. It should look something like this:
deb http://mirror3.ubuntulinux.nl/ dapper-seveas freenx deb-src http://mirror3.ubuntulinux.nl/ breezy-seveas freenx
attachment:IconsPage/eyes.png For an explanation of the different parts of the apt line, see the [#edit Editing Repositories] section below.
Managing Local Repositories
Removing the CD-ROM Repository
If you have installed Ubuntu from one of Ubuntu Installation CD-ROMs, it will be included in the list of repositories used by Ubuntu's package managment tools. When you install a new package, Synaptic will check whether the package is available locally (i.e. on the CD-ROM). Synaptic may then ask for the CD-ROM. This can help reduce the size of downloads and speed up the installation process. If you would like Synaptic to rely solely on the internet repositories for package management, you can disable the CD-ROM entry with a few steps:
Start Synaptic and navigate to "Settings" > "Repositories". BR A list of software repositories or "Channels" will be shown.
Locate the entry for the CD-ROM. (It may say something like CD disk with Ubuntu 6.06 LTS.) Click on the checkbox next to it to disable the CD-ROM as a software source.
Click the Close button to save the changes you have made.
- You can re-enable the CD-ROM at any time using the checkbox next to its entry.
Removing Repositories
To remove software sources ("Channels") from the list, select the source and click on the Remove button.
Editing Repositories
To make changes to a software source, select it in the list and click the Edit button. A dialog box displays the apt line, broken up into its components.
- attachment:edit-channel.png
Type Software sources may contain software in binary or source code format. Select the option that corresponds to the repository.
attachment:IconsPage/eyes.png The corresponding apt line has deb for binary repositories and deb-src for source code repositories.
URI Enter a valid Uniform Resource Indicator or URI fo the software repository. Here's a list of examples:
cdrom BR
cdrom:[description_of_cd]/
ftp BR
ftp://ftp.domain.ext/path/to/repository
http BR
http://www.domain.ext/path/to/repository
smb (works only when the computer is connected to a Samba share) BR
file://path/to/repository
nfs (works only if the computer is connected to a NFS share) BR
file://path/to/local/directory
Distribution Select the name of the distribution or the name of the distribution version. BR(dapper-seveas [#aptline in the example above].)
Sections Select the repository section to access. Add more sections by separated by spaces. BR(The [#aptline example repository] has a freenx section.)
Comment Add a comment to describe the repository for easier reference.
BR attachment:IconsPage/info.png Repositories defined using the Software Management window are available to Update-Manager and will therefore be checked periodically for updates.
Managing Authentication Keys
Authentication keys are usually obtained from the maintainer of the software repository. The maintainer will often place a copy of the authentication key on a public key server such as www.keyserver.net. The key can then be retrieved using the command
gpg --keyserver [name of keyserver] --recv-keys [keyhash]
BR attachment:IconsPage/info.png For more on apt and authentication keys, see [http://wiki.debian.org/SecureApt SecureApt] on the Debian Wiki.
See also
[:AddingRepositoriesCliHowto: Managing Software Repositories from the Command Line]
[:KubuntuAddingRepositoriesHowto: Managing Software Repositories in Kubuntu]
Chapter 2 of the Ubuntu Desktop Guide, [http://help.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/desktopguide/C/add-applications.html Adding, Removing and Updating Applications]
The [http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto Debian Apt User Manual]
man pages
- sources.list
Repositories/Ubuntu (last edited 2008-08-06 16:22:40 by localhost)