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Attachment '20070910_installing_ubuntu_part_2_en.srt'
Download1 00:00:01,579 --> 00:00:05,420 This is Alan Pope with the tenth screencast in the Ubuntu Month of Screencasts 2 00:00:05,520 --> 00:00:08,710 All the screencasts in this month can be downloaded for free from our website, 3 00:00:08,810 --> 00:00:11,491 which is screencasts.ubuntu.com 4 00:00:11,873 --> 00:00:14,862 In this screencast we are going to look at installing Ubuntu again, 5 00:00:14,962 --> 00:00:18,667 but this time we are going to use the alternate CD. 6 00:00:19,688 --> 00:00:21,700 When you boot up the alternate CD 7 00:00:21,800 --> 00:00:24,210 you get a display that looks a little bit like this. 8 00:00:24,310 --> 00:00:27,836 And we've got a number of options you can choose with arrow keys 9 00:00:27,936 --> 00:00:29,655 and press enter to select them. 10 00:00:29,755 --> 00:00:31,639 We also have some function keys along the bottom. 11 00:00:31,739 --> 00:00:34,430 Pressing F1 gives us some on-line help. 12 00:00:34,588 --> 00:00:39,939 Pressing F2 allows us to change the language that the system boots up in. 13 00:00:40,379 --> 00:00:45,608 F3 allows you to change the keyboard layout, which I'll change to United Kingdom. 14 00:00:46,118 --> 00:00:49,364 F4 allows you to change the resolution of the screen, 15 00:00:49,464 --> 00:00:53,984 which is useful if maybe your display or your video card doesn't support the resolution 16 00:00:54,202 --> 00:00:56,588 that this CD boots up in. 17 00:00:58,862 --> 00:01:01,849 And F5 gives you some accessibility options. 18 00:01:01,966 --> 00:01:04,277 For example if your eyesight isn't great 19 00:01:04,377 --> 00:01:07,422 or you can't read the dark brown text on a black background, 20 00:01:07,522 --> 00:01:10,074 then you can change to one of these other options. 21 00:01:10,174 --> 00:01:12,589 F6 we will look at in just a minute. 22 00:01:12,689 --> 00:01:15,989 So the list of options we have, the first one is "Install in text mode". 23 00:01:16,124 --> 00:01:18,552 Now the difference between this and the live CD is, 24 00:01:18,652 --> 00:01:22,740 this CD (the alternate CD) doesn't boot into a live environment. 25 00:01:22,840 --> 00:01:27,641 It can only be used to install a system or recover a broken system. 26 00:01:28,177 --> 00:01:32,008 The "OEM install" option allows you to install the system, 27 00:01:32,108 --> 00:01:36,885 but leave some of the questions out for the user to answer on the first boot up. 28 00:01:37,038 --> 00:01:42,605 This is often used by OEMs, Original Equipment Manufacturers, PC builders 29 00:01:42,869 --> 00:01:45,748 The next one is an option to "Install a command line system". 30 00:01:45,848 --> 00:01:48,199 We might look at this in a later screencast. 31 00:01:48,299 --> 00:01:53,618 but in a nutshell this creates a installation that has no graphic user interface, no GUI. 32 00:01:53,718 --> 00:01:56,165 So you might want to use that as a server 33 00:01:56,265 --> 00:01:59,434 or you could use it as a way to install a base system 34 00:01:59,534 --> 00:02:03,795 and then on top of that install Kubuntu, Xubuntu or Edubuntu. 35 00:02:03,895 --> 00:02:08,601 So I have an Ubuntu CD, but I could actually install a command-line system 36 00:02:08,882 --> 00:02:12,457 and then install Kubuntu on top of that. 37 00:02:13,135 --> 00:02:15,907 The next option is "Check CD for Defects" 38 00:02:16,007 --> 00:02:18,765 and this is useful if you have downloaded a CD and burned it yourself, 39 00:02:18,865 --> 00:02:21,021 just to make sure it's not got any errors. 40 00:02:21,121 --> 00:02:25,448 "Rescue a broken system", well that allows you to use the command-line to 41 00:02:25,548 --> 00:02:29,133 fix problems that may occur in a broken system 42 00:02:29,388 --> 00:02:33,195 "Memory test" does a check on the physical memory in your computer, 43 00:02:33,295 --> 00:02:35,619 which can often fail. 44 00:02:35,735 --> 00:02:38,096 And "Boot from first hard disk" is useful 45 00:02:38,196 --> 00:02:43,873 if you've manged to mess up the boot setup on your hard drive. 46 00:02:43,973 --> 00:02:47,547 If you press F6, you get this list of boot options. 47 00:02:47,647 --> 00:02:50,075 Now these are useful in that you could modify them 48 00:02:50,175 --> 00:02:53,699 to change the way the system boots up from this alternate CD. 49 00:02:53,878 --> 00:02:58,246 But also sometimes people will suggest that you remove options 50 00:02:58,346 --> 00:03:01,079 like I just removed the word quiet there. 51 00:03:01,385 --> 00:03:05,575 If you remove quiet it doesn't make a lot of noise, 52 00:03:05,675 --> 00:03:08,740 it just means that the boot up is more verbose. 53 00:03:08,840 --> 00:03:13,796 And you may also get asked to add parameters like this noapic, noacpi, 54 00:03:13,931 --> 00:03:16,178 to work around problems with your hardware. 55 00:03:16,278 --> 00:03:21,176 This is usually recommended by experts when diagnosing problems 56 00:03:21,354 --> 00:03:25,058 I'll just press enter in order to boot into the installer. 57 00:03:25,236 --> 00:03:27,458 Now to navigate around the installer is pretty simple, 58 00:03:27,558 --> 00:03:30,448 you use the arrow keys up and down, press enter to select 59 00:03:30,548 --> 00:03:33,180 and you can use tab to move between fields. 60 00:03:33,280 --> 00:03:36,321 So if there's multiple fields on the screen you just tab between them. 61 00:03:36,421 --> 00:03:39,665 Use the arrows, press enter when you are done. 62 00:03:40,541 --> 00:03:49,292 So I'm going to choose English and my country is United Kingdom. 63 00:03:54,352 --> 00:03:58,868 Now there's actually not very many questions it's going to ask. 64 00:03:59,815 --> 00:04:04,537 But what I'm going to do is redo a section of this a number of times 65 00:04:04,637 --> 00:04:07,859 to show you what it looks like under different scenarios 66 00:04:07,959 --> 00:04:11,125 And I'll explain more about that when we come to it. 67 00:04:11,381 --> 00:04:15,697 But there are very few questions it asks during the installation. 68 00:04:16,490 --> 00:04:19,836 In fact this video makes it look a lot more complicated than it really is, 69 00:04:19,936 --> 00:04:22,489 because I keep going backwards and forwards 70 00:04:22,589 --> 00:04:26,192 to show you lots of different options. 71 00:04:27,614 --> 00:04:32,678 Now on the CD, there's a repository of packages. 72 00:04:32,778 --> 00:04:40,367 and in fact you can use this CD to upgrade from a previous release of Ubuntu. 73 00:04:40,467 --> 00:04:44,223 Say for example if you were running 7.04 and you wanted to upgrade to 7.10, 74 00:04:44,323 --> 00:04:47,898 you could use the alternate CD because it is a repository on a CD. 75 00:04:48,143 --> 00:04:51,754 You could use that repository to upgrade the packages from. 76 00:04:51,910 --> 00:04:54,180 Incidentally you can't do that with a live CD, 77 00:04:54,280 --> 00:04:57,814 because of the way the live CD works, it doesn't actually have a repository on it. 78 00:04:57,914 --> 00:05:02,377 I has a live running environment, which is then copied to the hard disk. 79 00:05:02,528 --> 00:05:05,393 But the alternate CD we are using today has a repository on it, 80 00:05:05,493 --> 00:05:07,765 so it can be used for upgrades. 81 00:05:07,902 --> 00:05:11,034 Now it's just going to do a little connection to the network, 82 00:05:11,134 --> 00:05:13,335 and it asks me for a hostname. 83 00:05:13,435 --> 00:05:17,520 So this is the name of the computer, what do I want to call it on the network. 84 00:05:17,739 --> 00:05:22,318 What would other computers see my system as and I'm going to call it gutsydemo. 85 00:05:22,423 --> 00:05:27,046 It's worth noting I'm using Ubuntu Gutsy, which I wouldn't recommend anyone use right now. 86 00:05:27,286 --> 00:05:30,853 Because this is still under development, 87 00:05:30,953 --> 00:05:33,735 it's not out for another month or so until October. 88 00:05:33,835 --> 00:05:39,303 After October of course, you can use Gutsy, version 7.10. 89 00:05:39,466 --> 00:05:43,900 Because it will be the current stable version. 90 00:05:45,891 --> 00:05:48,805 Now this is the next bit that I am going to do multiple times 91 00:05:48,905 --> 00:05:54,219 The partitioner, I will first of all show you the two really easy ways to set up partitioning. 92 00:05:54,319 --> 00:05:56,976 If you are not interested in the complex ways to do with RAID, 93 00:05:57,076 --> 00:06:01,801 then skip forward to about 22 mins into this video. 94 00:06:02,145 --> 00:06:04,431 So the first option we have is "Guided - use entire disk". 95 00:06:04,531 --> 00:06:09,055 Now what this means is it's going to carve the disk up in the recommended way. 96 00:06:09,181 --> 00:06:12,094 It's going to create a chunk of space to store your files 97 00:06:12,194 --> 00:06:14,490 and a chunk of space for swap. 98 00:06:14,590 --> 00:06:19,370 The second option uses Logical Volume Management, which is very very useful 99 00:06:19,470 --> 00:06:23,509 if you ever think you might have to add more space to the system. 100 00:06:23,609 --> 00:06:28,792 Using LVM is useful because you can add space to an existing partition. 101 00:06:29,063 --> 00:06:34,717 And the third option is manual, which covers an awful lot of options actually. 102 00:06:34,969 --> 00:06:37,858 So, the first one, if we were to use guided. 103 00:06:37,958 --> 00:06:42,276 I've actually got three 10GB disks in this machine. 104 00:06:42,623 --> 00:06:45,647 You can see they are called sda, a is the first disk. 105 00:06:45,747 --> 00:06:48,739 sdb is the second disk and sdc is the third disk. 106 00:06:48,839 --> 00:06:52,337 They are all the same, they're all 10 GB disks. 107 00:06:53,116 --> 00:06:58,517 And if I were to choose one of these disks, like the first one. 108 00:06:58,625 --> 00:07:02,041 Remember I've chosen the easy option, guided partitioning. 109 00:07:02,193 --> 00:07:05,616 All I've done is choose the disk I want to install Ubuntu on to 110 00:07:05,760 --> 00:07:07,840 and if I've got multiple disks in the machine 111 00:07:07,940 --> 00:07:10,162 and I've got other operating systems on the other disks. 112 00:07:10,262 --> 00:07:12,528 you obviously I've got to be careful which disk I choose. 113 00:07:12,628 --> 00:07:15,499 But it will tell me what partitions are already on the disk. 114 00:07:15,599 --> 00:07:18,793 These happen to be completely blank disks, there's no partitions, 115 00:07:18,893 --> 00:07:21,704 no operating system on them at all, they're completely blank. 116 00:07:21,815 --> 00:07:27,220 So can see here it's figured out that it wants to create partition number one on sda. 117 00:07:27,324 --> 00:07:30,338 and partition number five for swap 118 00:07:30,438 --> 00:07:33,987 So partition 1 will have all my files in it and partition 5 will have swap 119 00:07:34,087 --> 00:07:37,642 and that's it and all you do is just say yes and that's done. 120 00:07:37,920 --> 00:07:40,882 So that's the very easy option of partitioning. 121 00:07:41,087 --> 00:07:44,534 The second option here is use entire disk and setup LVM. 122 00:07:44,795 --> 00:07:48,262 Now again it asks us which disk do you want to use 123 00:07:48,365 --> 00:07:50,127 to install Ubuntu onto. 124 00:07:50,229 --> 00:07:54,187 And I've chosen the first disk and again it goes away and does some calculations. 125 00:07:54,289 --> 00:07:58,579 Now it's going to be a little bit different in this scenario, 126 00:07:58,702 --> 00:08:03,586 because when you use LVM. LVM is a kind of layer on the disk 127 00:08:03,686 --> 00:08:06,291 that allows you to do some rather funky things. 128 00:08:06,411 --> 00:08:09,866 And you can see here it's saying, well before I can create the partitions 129 00:08:09,966 --> 00:08:12,703 you need for your files, 130 00:08:12,931 --> 00:08:15,750 we need to save the configuration of LVM first. 131 00:08:15,850 --> 00:08:18,347 So it asks to write the changes to disk. so say yes. 132 00:08:18,447 --> 00:08:22,379 And it writes the changes to do with LVM onto the disk. 133 00:08:22,532 --> 00:08:27,078 Once that's done it then calculates the partitions that are going to be required. 134 00:08:27,206 --> 00:08:29,351 and again the process is pretty much semi-automatic. 135 00:08:29,462 --> 00:08:33,745 I've not really had an interaction other than saying yes 136 00:08:33,845 --> 00:08:37,318 and choose which disk I want to install on to. 137 00:08:37,576 --> 00:08:41,838 Now going into LVM, and subsequently RAID on this screencast 138 00:08:41,938 --> 00:08:46,154 is a large subject that we don't really have the time to cover. 139 00:08:46,285 --> 00:08:51,465 So I'll just tell you about the basics and how great LVM is and what RAID is. 140 00:08:51,565 --> 00:08:56,089 So now it comes back to a summary and if we look here, 141 00:08:56,215 --> 00:09:01,297 we've got sda has a partition on it that has been created 142 00:09:01,448 --> 00:09:06,738 and the partition is 255MB and it's for the boot partition. 143 00:09:06,838 --> 00:09:11,206 Where the boot files go, when it boots up it needs access to that area. 144 00:09:11,306 --> 00:09:16,031 Now that area, there's a limitation, that area can't live on an LVM volume. 145 00:09:16,138 --> 00:09:19,941 So it's created a partition for boot which isn't in LVM. 146 00:09:20,041 --> 00:09:25,122 and then immediately after that you can see there is a 10.5GB partition for LVM. 147 00:09:25,267 --> 00:09:32,885 So the boot partition is created first, then this ~10GB chunk of space on the first disk 148 00:09:33,190 --> 00:09:38,350 And into that LVM, we've got two further partitions. 149 00:09:38,450 --> 00:09:42,845 We've got an EXT3 partition, which is where all my files would go. 150 00:09:42,948 --> 00:09:47,237 EXT3 is the type of file system, it's the way the files are laid out on disk. 151 00:09:47,467 --> 00:09:49,408 And that's my root partition, 152 00:09:49,508 --> 00:09:53,814 the slash on the end of that line means it's my root partition, top level of the disk. 153 00:09:53,914 --> 00:09:56,736 And then we've got a 500MB swap partition. 154 00:09:56,957 --> 00:10:01,308 You can think of the swap simplistically as an extension of the RAM in your machine. 155 00:10:01,521 --> 00:10:06,823 And you'll notice it hasn't touched these two disks down here, sdc and sdb. 156 00:10:06,978 --> 00:10:09,862 And if I were to run out of space, subsequently down the line, 157 00:10:09,962 --> 00:10:12,416 maybe in three months time, I've filled up this disk.. 158 00:10:12,516 --> 00:10:17,244 I could use LVM to extend that partition, on these other two disks. 159 00:10:17,344 --> 00:10:20,539 So I could utilize the free space, on those two disks, 160 00:10:20,639 --> 00:10:24,982 in order to make my 10GB EXT3 partition larger. 161 00:10:25,108 --> 00:10:28,634 Now a word of warning, if you do that you spread LVM across a number of disks, 162 00:10:28,734 --> 00:10:33,103 if any one of those disks fails the chances are you won't be able to recover the data, 163 00:10:33,203 --> 00:10:35,375 there is no resilience there. 164 00:10:35,475 --> 00:10:41,247 So let's look at another option for partitioning and that is using RAID. 165 00:10:41,757 --> 00:10:45,513 Now RAID we're looking at here is software RAID. 166 00:10:45,613 --> 00:10:50,289 And by manually partitioning, what we are going to do is manually configure 167 00:10:50,389 --> 00:10:53,966 these disks so that we can spread the data across the disks 168 00:10:54,066 --> 00:10:56,803 in such a way that we have some resilience. 169 00:10:56,926 --> 00:11:00,399 Now what I'm doing now is just pressing enter on each of the disks 170 00:11:00,499 --> 00:11:04,585 because they are blank brand new disks, when I press enter on the disks it says 171 00:11:04,685 --> 00:11:07,830 well there's no partition table these have never been used these disks. 172 00:11:07,930 --> 00:11:10,741 so I need to create a partition table and when I press enter 173 00:11:10,841 --> 00:11:20,377 on sdb we get this dialog that asks me do you want to create the partition table 174 00:11:20,477 --> 00:11:22,667 and I say yes. 175 00:11:22,843 --> 00:11:26,880 And then we can see there is 10GB of free space on the disk, an empty partition. 176 00:11:26,985 --> 00:11:32,192 I do the same thing on the last disk, so I've now got three disks, three physical disks 177 00:11:32,320 --> 00:11:37,018 and those three physical disks each one has 10GB of free space. 178 00:11:37,118 --> 00:11:40,900 If I then press enter on the free space, 179 00:11:41,104 --> 00:11:45,343 I can do something with that free space, like create a new partition. 180 00:11:45,443 --> 00:11:49,118 So now we get into the advanced manually partitioning your disks. 181 00:11:49,250 --> 00:11:53,798 So it's a 10.7GB disk and what I am going to do is take off the 0.7 182 00:11:53,898 --> 00:11:58,827 and make a partition that is 10GB in size, just to make it nice and easy. 183 00:11:59,150 --> 00:12:04,166 So the disk is 10.7GB and I'm going to create a 10GB primary partition, 184 00:12:04,266 --> 00:12:06,436 and you can have up to four primary partitions 185 00:12:06,536 --> 00:12:08,599 and I'm going to make it at the beginning of the disk. 186 00:12:08,699 --> 00:12:11,109 You can make the partition at the end of the disk if you want to, 187 00:12:11,237 --> 00:12:13,638 you can arrange the partitions however you like. 188 00:12:13,840 --> 00:12:16,830 It then asks me what I'm going to use that partition for. 189 00:12:17,146 --> 00:12:19,874 And if I go up to the use as field 190 00:12:19,974 --> 00:12:23,216 so that instead of being EXT3, the normal file system, 191 00:12:23,316 --> 00:12:28,117 If I go down near the bottom, you can see, if I use physical volume for RAID 192 00:12:28,268 --> 00:12:33,275 Then what I'm saying is I want to create a partition, but I don't want to put any files in that yet. 193 00:12:33,410 --> 00:12:36,623 I want to use that partition for RAID. 194 00:12:36,723 --> 00:12:40,477 So I'm going to set-up some kind of RAID solution. 195 00:12:40,808 --> 00:12:45,124 I hit done and when we come back, 196 00:12:45,582 --> 00:12:50,998 you can now see we've got one primary partition for RAID on that first disk. 197 00:12:51,143 --> 00:12:58,224 and we've also got 700MB of free space on that disk. 198 00:12:59,276 --> 00:13:01,794 If we now do the same thing on the second disk. 199 00:13:01,894 --> 00:13:06,703 Just click on the free space. 200 00:13:07,093 --> 00:13:11,452 Specify 10GB primary partition at the beginning of the disk. 201 00:13:11,710 --> 00:13:16,741 And worth noting that I'm making these the same size on all three disks 202 00:13:16,841 --> 00:13:21,693 in order to implement a RAID solution of redundancy across multiple disks. 203 00:13:21,793 --> 00:13:26,468 The partitions that you use under software RAID on Linux need to be the same sizes 204 00:13:26,568 --> 00:13:29,330 The physical disks underneath don't need to be the same sizes, 205 00:13:29,430 --> 00:13:31,907 but the partitions you create do. 206 00:13:32,067 --> 00:13:35,357 So I could have a 10GB, a 20GB and a 40GB disk, 207 00:13:35,457 --> 00:13:41,381 But actually just create three 10GB partitions for RAID, one on each disk. 208 00:13:41,558 --> 00:13:45,212 I'd end up with some empty space on the 20GB and 40GB disks, 209 00:13:45,312 --> 00:13:50,753 but it's certainly something you can do. 210 00:13:52,873 --> 00:13:54,916 So now what we've got, 211 00:13:55,060 --> 00:14:01,095 if I change this last disk to use it as a partition for RAID. 212 00:14:01,710 --> 00:14:06,586 Sorry a physical volume for RAID. 213 00:14:07,901 --> 00:14:12,571 What we should now have is three partitions each of 10GB 214 00:14:12,671 --> 00:14:19,865 one on each disk, ready for me to configure software RAID. 215 00:14:21,122 --> 00:14:27,424 Now there are three levels of RAID that are supported under Linux. 216 00:14:27,524 --> 00:14:32,888 RAID 0, RAID 1 and RAID 5, and if I go to configure software RAID. 217 00:14:33,297 --> 00:14:35,367 I think it will ask me to write the changes, 218 00:14:35,467 --> 00:14:37,385 I've just made quite a few changes, so yes 219 00:14:37,485 --> 00:14:39,905 it asks me to write those changes to the disks. 220 00:14:40,005 --> 00:14:42,237 So before we can move on to the next step, 221 00:14:42,337 --> 00:14:47,291 we need to flush out what we've done to disk, so I say yes. 222 00:14:47,403 --> 00:14:49,464 And then it will ask me what I want to do, 223 00:14:49,564 --> 00:14:55,107 Now I want to create an MD device, a Multi Disk device. 224 00:14:55,207 --> 00:14:58,478 And these are RAID devices under Linux. 225 00:14:58,578 --> 00:15:04,196 And as I said, I've got three options, once I choose create MD device, 226 00:15:04,459 --> 00:15:10,982 I can choose to create a RAID 0, RAID 1 or RAID 5 device. 227 00:15:15,815 --> 00:15:19,929 Explaining the difference between RAID 0, 1 and 5 is 228 00:15:20,029 --> 00:15:23,706 and the pros and cons of each, is a bit beyond this screencast. 229 00:15:23,806 --> 00:15:26,967 So I'll put some links on the website, 230 00:15:27,067 --> 00:15:30,169 as to where you can find out more about these different levels 231 00:15:30,269 --> 00:15:33,231 and which one is right for you. 232 00:15:33,331 --> 00:15:35,478 I'll just show you how you actually create them 233 00:15:35,578 --> 00:15:39,002 and a couple of differences between them. 234 00:15:40,818 --> 00:15:43,931 So the first one we are going to choose is RAID 5. 235 00:15:44,135 --> 00:15:48,898 Now you see here it says you need a minimum of three devices, 236 00:15:48,998 --> 00:15:52,885 well that's good, because we've got three physical volumes for RAID. 237 00:15:52,985 --> 00:15:55,654 And it asks me how many do I want in the array. 238 00:15:55,754 --> 00:15:58,552 I could have more than three, but I'm going to have three. 239 00:15:58,652 --> 00:16:00,353 And now it asks me how many spare devices 240 00:16:00,453 --> 00:16:03,875 and a spare device will be used if one of the drives fails. 241 00:16:04,105 --> 00:16:08,420 So if one of the volumes fails on one of the drives, it will bring in the spare 242 00:16:08,678 --> 00:16:12,404 Now I haven't got more than three, so I don't have enough for a spare. 243 00:16:12,613 --> 00:16:17,229 Now it's asking me, okay of the disk that you've got, we can see you've got 244 00:16:17,329 --> 00:16:19,937 sda1, sdb1 and sdc1. 245 00:16:20,037 --> 00:16:23,216 These are the physical volumes for RAID that we created earlier 246 00:16:23,316 --> 00:16:26,270 and it wants me to tick each one, I just used the space bar there 247 00:16:26,370 --> 00:16:30,075 to tick each one that I want to be in this RAID 5 array. 248 00:16:30,189 --> 00:16:35,718 I might have ten disks or twenty disks and I just want to choose the ones I want to include. 249 00:16:35,974 --> 00:16:41,286 That's it, that's all you have got to do to create your RAID 5 array. 250 00:16:41,784 --> 00:16:47,159 Now lets have a look at the same thing again, that I've reset everything now. 251 00:16:47,292 --> 00:16:49,076 and we'll create a RAID 1 set. 252 00:16:49,176 --> 00:16:52,749 With a RAID 1 set we can put two disks in. 253 00:16:52,849 --> 00:16:56,457 Exactly two disks, into our RAID 1 set. 254 00:16:56,557 --> 00:17:01,128 RAID 1 will be a mirror so we'll end up with the same data 255 00:17:01,228 --> 00:17:04,115 on both of those two disks. 256 00:17:04,344 --> 00:17:06,158 And it asks me how many spare devices. 257 00:17:06,258 --> 00:17:11,010 Now we've got a three disks, so I can use two disks for the RAID 1 mirror 258 00:17:11,110 --> 00:17:13,079 and then one for a spare. 259 00:17:13,205 --> 00:17:16,654 So that in the event that one of the first two disks fails, 260 00:17:16,833 --> 00:17:19,087 that third disk can be brought on-line. 261 00:17:19,187 --> 00:17:21,610 And when I press continue, 262 00:17:21,710 --> 00:17:24,034 what it will do is in the event that one of the disks fails 263 00:17:24,134 --> 00:17:26,562 it will start synchronizing with the spare. 264 00:17:26,662 --> 00:17:30,956 Now it's asking me which of the three are going to be the two disks 265 00:17:31,056 --> 00:17:33,125 that are going to be in the RAID 1 set. 266 00:17:33,225 --> 00:17:39,279 So there are three RAID devices, that we created earlier, sda1, sdb1 and sdc1. 267 00:17:39,496 --> 00:17:47,068 and I can choose any two of them to be the two primary active partitions. 268 00:17:47,261 --> 00:17:50,147 And now it asks me which one is going to be the spare. 269 00:17:50,247 --> 00:17:53,224 There's only one left, so this one is going to be the spare 270 00:17:53,324 --> 00:17:57,768 for my RAID 1 multi disk device. 271 00:17:58,909 --> 00:18:03,320 Note is does actually mention you can create a mirrored set with only one disk, 272 00:18:03,462 --> 00:18:05,710 and have the other disk as missing. 273 00:18:05,810 --> 00:18:07,723 you can do that and add it later on. 274 00:18:07,823 --> 00:18:09,923 So if you've only got one disk, you can start with one 275 00:18:10,023 --> 00:18:12,860 and then add the second one later on when you buy one. 276 00:18:12,960 --> 00:18:17,150 The third option is RAID 0, so again we've reset, start from scratch. 277 00:18:17,252 --> 00:18:22,155 RAID 0, we just add all of the devices into the RAID 0 array. 278 00:18:22,255 --> 00:18:24,990 Now with RAID 0 we are striping across the disks, 279 00:18:25,090 --> 00:18:27,750 so when you are striping we have no resilience there. 280 00:18:27,850 --> 00:18:30,735 If a disk fails, we've lost data. 281 00:18:30,913 --> 00:18:34,719 So in my set-up on my desktop PC, I actually use RAID 1 282 00:18:34,900 --> 00:18:40,899 And in this example for the rest of this screencast I'm using RAID 1. 283 00:18:41,034 --> 00:18:45,344 So I've set-up RAID 1, so I have got two of the disks 284 00:18:45,444 --> 00:18:50,220 as primary active and the third one is the spare 285 00:18:50,320 --> 00:18:52,850 just in case one of the two disks fails. 286 00:18:53,001 --> 00:18:56,476 and when you click finish within multi disk setup, 287 00:18:56,726 --> 00:18:59,157 it takes you back to the partitioning screen. 288 00:18:59,349 --> 00:19:04,086 and you can see here we've got a RAID 1 device of 10GB, 289 00:19:04,197 --> 00:19:09,347 software RAID and it's empty, it's not currently being used. 290 00:19:09,528 --> 00:19:17,240 And that's made up of the disks below, each having a 10GB volume for RAID. 291 00:19:17,765 --> 00:19:22,677 Now I press enter on that device. 292 00:19:22,830 --> 00:19:25,179 It says what do you want to use it for? 293 00:19:25,320 --> 00:19:30,671 So now that I have created my RAID 1 device I can choose "Use as" 294 00:19:30,771 --> 00:19:34,885 and use it as an EXT3 file system and this is going to be the file system 295 00:19:34,985 --> 00:19:38,892 into which I'm going to install Ubuntu. 296 00:19:39,556 --> 00:19:44,440 Some people have multiple file systems on their computers 297 00:19:44,638 --> 00:19:49,541 They might have one for root, one for boot, one for var, one for temp, 298 00:19:49,641 --> 00:19:55,823 I generally just have one for root and maybe also one for home. 299 00:19:56,275 --> 00:20:01,001 If you watched the previous screencast to this you will see how I set up 300 00:20:01,101 --> 00:20:05,731 having two partitions, one for root and one for home. 301 00:20:05,859 --> 00:20:08,814 So that is done, we've now got a root partition. 302 00:20:08,914 --> 00:20:12,434 You can see the / there means the root, the top directory on the directory tree, 303 00:20:12,534 --> 00:20:20,318 is an EXT3 journaled file system, nice and robust and reliable and it's 10GB in size. 304 00:20:20,440 --> 00:20:23,452 Now the one other thing I need to add before I continue with the install 305 00:20:23,552 --> 00:20:24,921 is some swap space. 306 00:20:25,021 --> 00:20:29,584 So I'm going to choose one of these 700MB of free space. 307 00:20:29,684 --> 00:20:34,077 and just press enter, create a new partition 308 00:20:34,418 --> 00:20:41,125 and use all that space, all the 732MB as a primary partition for swap. 309 00:20:41,395 --> 00:20:44,189 Remember swap is this area of disk that's used 310 00:20:44,289 --> 00:20:48,378 as a kind of extension of the memory that your system has. 311 00:20:48,478 --> 00:20:55,732 And so I'm going to say how to use this partition, use it as swap area, 312 00:20:56,873 --> 00:21:00,049 And when I hit done setting up the partition 313 00:21:00,149 --> 00:21:03,852 it takes me back to the partitioning screen. 314 00:21:03,980 --> 00:21:06,054 And we should see a summary of everything. 315 00:21:06,154 --> 00:21:10,042 So now I've got partition 1, at the top is the RAID partition 316 00:21:10,142 --> 00:21:13,277 And in this partition 2 is a swap partition. 317 00:21:13,377 --> 00:21:20,553 I could if I wanted to use the 732MB of free space on sdb and sdc, 318 00:21:20,653 --> 00:21:25,635 the other two disks, I could use that as swap space as well. 319 00:21:27,460 --> 00:21:33,526 But I'm not going to, if I run out I can always add that later on. 320 00:21:33,861 --> 00:21:37,356 There's a nice partitioning tool in Ubuntu called gparted. 321 00:21:37,534 --> 00:21:40,524 A graphical environment that allows you to do pretty much 322 00:21:40,624 --> 00:21:42,593 everything that you're seeing here. 323 00:21:42,693 --> 00:21:45,707 But after you've installed the system. 324 00:21:45,981 --> 00:21:49,286 It's not wise to make changes to the system while it's running though. 325 00:21:49,386 --> 00:21:52,091 I think gparted will stop you doing that. 326 00:21:52,329 --> 00:21:57,224 But if you were to boot off of the live CD, you could then run gparted 327 00:21:57,324 --> 00:22:02,138 and rearrange the partitions and juggle things around on your hard disk. 328 00:22:02,305 --> 00:22:07,415 So the final summary here is you have got a RAID device, 329 00:22:07,515 --> 00:22:09,787 that's going to be formatted as EXT3 330 00:22:09,887 --> 00:22:17,499 and then you've got a normal partition on the first disk sda as swap 331 00:22:17,933 --> 00:22:21,358 So it goes off and does various bits and bobs 332 00:22:21,458 --> 00:22:24,522 including formatting the partitions 333 00:22:24,753 --> 00:22:31,442 And while it's formatting the partitions if you're using any form of RAID in the background 334 00:22:31,542 --> 00:22:35,614 the kernel will be synchronizing the disks. 335 00:22:35,714 --> 00:22:38,799 So as you're writing changes to the disk it will be making sure that 336 00:22:38,899 --> 00:22:41,862 those disks are kept in sync. 337 00:22:41,962 --> 00:22:44,492 And if for any reason you've got one disk is missing 338 00:22:44,592 --> 00:22:46,584 or you've taken one disk out of the array. 339 00:22:46,684 --> 00:22:51,233 Later on when you put it back in, it will re-synchronize that disk 340 00:22:51,333 --> 00:22:55,270 or you can forcibly re-synchronize that disk. 341 00:22:55,370 --> 00:23:00,709 Now this question here is interesting, it asks me is the local clock on system, 342 00:23:00,809 --> 00:23:04,353 the clock inside my computer set to UTC. 343 00:23:04,538 --> 00:23:08,062 This normally doesn't cause a problem, but it can be an issue 344 00:23:08,162 --> 00:23:11,305 if you dual boot between Windows and Linux, 345 00:23:11,405 --> 00:23:17,331 because I believe Windows thinks that or assumes that the physical clock in the machine 346 00:23:17,431 --> 00:23:19,987 is set to local time, wherever you may be. 347 00:23:20,087 --> 00:23:25,326 So that could be European time or some time in some timezone in America or wherever you are. 348 00:23:25,426 --> 00:23:30,432 As Linux according to this screen, assumes the local clock to be UTC. 349 00:23:30,532 --> 00:23:33,317 So it's worth noting that. 350 00:23:33,828 --> 00:23:37,684 Next it asks for a user, now the first user you create in Ubuntu 351 00:23:37,784 --> 00:23:39,702 is an administrative account. 352 00:23:39,802 --> 00:23:42,513 You can create further accounts as well. 353 00:23:42,613 --> 00:23:47,569 So it's going to create a user id called alan in this case and it's going to ask me for a password. 354 00:23:47,669 --> 00:23:52,419 You can create new accounts, you can change the rights of this account. 355 00:23:52,519 --> 00:23:56,198 But usually the first person, the first user created is the administrative account. 356 00:23:56,298 --> 00:24:01,637 And then can then be used to do various administrative tasks on the system. 357 00:24:02,445 --> 00:24:05,366 Now it's now moving on to do the actual installation, 358 00:24:05,493 --> 00:24:08,321 So we've got the partitioning done, the formatting is done. 359 00:24:08,421 --> 00:24:12,337 It's asked pretty much all the questions it's going to ask. 360 00:24:12,437 --> 00:24:14,814 I think there's only one more question it's going to ask. 361 00:24:14,984 --> 00:24:20,560 Well, it's going to ask two questions if you count "press continue to reboot". 362 00:24:20,808 --> 00:24:24,595 Now what it's doing right now is installing the base system. 363 00:24:24,743 --> 00:24:30,162 Now a base system is just a basic, lean set of packages. 364 00:24:30,357 --> 00:24:32,927 And this isn't going to take too long. 365 00:24:33,027 --> 00:24:39,223 There's a whole bunch of packages that are very curious names that don't make much sense 366 00:24:39,323 --> 00:24:42,777 to most people, in the base system, other than developers. 367 00:24:42,877 --> 00:24:46,045 you might spot things you may have heard of. 368 00:24:46,464 --> 00:24:49,034 But once this has finished installing the base system, 369 00:24:49,134 --> 00:24:52,863 It then scans the repository that's on the CD-ROM, 370 00:24:53,074 --> 00:24:56,464 Remember I said the alternate CD has a repository 371 00:24:56,564 --> 00:25:00,703 of the packages that get installed by the alternate CD. 372 00:25:00,892 --> 00:25:04,000 And once this base system has finished installing 373 00:25:04,100 --> 00:25:08,814 and we have got a basic pretty usable system on the hard disk. 374 00:25:08,914 --> 00:25:12,733 But it will have no GUI, no graphical applications, 375 00:25:12,833 --> 00:25:17,681 there will be no word processor or browser or anything like that. 376 00:25:17,781 --> 00:25:21,975 It's really really basic, a basic system, hence being called a base system. 377 00:25:22,088 --> 00:25:25,678 Once that's finished it will go off and scan the repository 378 00:25:25,918 --> 00:25:28,436 And then start installing the actual applications 379 00:25:28,536 --> 00:25:33,111 that you're probably going to use on a desktop environment. 380 00:25:33,211 --> 00:25:40,259 So you might start seeing package names at this stage, that may be more familiar to you. 381 00:25:40,399 --> 00:25:42,994 Now here is the question that it asks you, the last question 382 00:25:43,094 --> 00:25:46,388 which is what screen resolution do you want 383 00:25:46,488 --> 00:25:52,361 the X Windowing System, which is simply put the graphical environment. 384 00:25:52,461 --> 00:25:55,089 What resolution do you want the graphical environment to run at? 385 00:25:55,189 --> 00:25:59,005 And you tick whatever the supported resolutions are 386 00:25:59,105 --> 00:26:03,396 and it configures the server to run at that resolution. 387 00:26:03,549 --> 00:26:07,277 And in fact this version of Ubuntu, remember I said is 7.10, 388 00:26:07,377 --> 00:26:10,624 which is not released yet, so I wouldn't recommend people run it right now. 389 00:26:10,724 --> 00:26:17,977 But after October 19th, I think it comes out, you should be okay to run it. 390 00:26:18,207 --> 00:26:21,477 It has a new feature called bulletproof X 391 00:26:21,577 --> 00:26:24,361 One of the problem with previous releases of Ubuntu is that 392 00:26:24,461 --> 00:26:29,826 if the X windowing system can't do what you've requested, 393 00:26:29,926 --> 00:26:33,452 you request a certain situation, a driver or resolution that it can't do, 394 00:26:33,552 --> 00:26:38,244 it just fails and you get no graphical environment, you are dropped to a text console 395 00:26:38,380 --> 00:26:41,370 This version of Ubuntu contains something called bulletproof X, 396 00:26:41,470 --> 00:26:44,637 which should still be able to start the graphical environment. 397 00:26:44,827 --> 00:26:49,516 with some basic settings, to allow you to then re-configure the graphical environment, 398 00:26:49,616 --> 00:26:52,681 like a kind of safe mode, if you like. 399 00:26:52,834 --> 00:26:56,411 It's nearly at the end, it's installed Grub, which is the boot loader, 400 00:26:56,511 --> 00:27:00,752 the menu you get at the start of booting up your PC. 401 00:27:00,852 --> 00:27:07,135 If you have multiple operating systems, then it will list multiple operating systems in the boot menu 402 00:27:07,440 --> 00:27:09,969 So it's just installing that. 403 00:27:12,896 --> 00:27:15,102 Cleaning up a little bit. 404 00:27:16,779 --> 00:27:19,162 Creating my user and setting the password. 405 00:27:19,297 --> 00:27:21,815 and we are pretty much done. 406 00:27:23,284 --> 00:27:28,815 There we go, spits the CD out and you then reboot. 407 00:27:29,003 --> 00:27:37,165 When you reboot, you should, if all goes well, be taken to the graphical logon screen. 408 00:27:37,712 --> 00:27:41,532 So if we hit continue now, we should get the logon screen. 409 00:27:41,700 --> 00:27:45,516 There we go, so this is the system that I just installed with that alternate CD. 410 00:27:45,616 --> 00:27:48,682 And it did "Just Work". 411 00:27:49,168 --> 00:27:55,424 And once I enter my user id and password, we get the graphical desktop. 412 00:27:56,023 --> 00:28:01,170 There we go and we've covered some of the other elements on the desktop 413 00:28:01,270 --> 00:28:03,240 in some of the previous screencasts. 414 00:28:03,340 --> 00:28:08,038 So if you visit our website you will find screencasts about what the desktop does. 415 00:28:08,138 --> 00:28:10,542 and what the main feature of the desktop are 416 00:28:10,642 --> 00:28:16,568 and we've also done screencasts about the Applications menu, Places and System 417 00:28:17,153 --> 00:28:21,471 and I would recommend watching some of those after installing. 418 00:28:21,679 --> 00:28:26,068 There's a load of updates to apply as well, 292 on this system. 419 00:28:27,607 --> 00:28:32,222 And there's a few other useful little tools that are pre-installed and set-up.. 420 00:28:32,959 --> 00:28:35,721 But once you've installed, have a play. 421 00:28:35,950 --> 00:28:38,632 Hope that was useful. 422 00:28:38,938 --> 00:28:43,503 You will find all the screencasts in the Month of Screencasts available for free on our website, 423 00:28:43,662 --> 00:28:47,492 which is screencasts.ubuntu.com.
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