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Download1 00:00:00,400 --> 00:00:00,500 2 00:00:01,261 --> 00:00:03,467 This is Alan Pope with the thirteenth screencast 3 00:00:03,580 --> 00:00:05,772 in the Ubuntu Month of Screencasts. 4 00:00:05,872 --> 00:00:09,218 All the screencasts in this month can be downloaded for free from our website, 5 00:00:09,318 --> 00:00:13,018 which is screencasts.ubuntu.com 6 00:00:13,118 --> 00:00:15,847 In this screencast we are going to look at creating new users 7 00:00:15,947 --> 00:00:17,606 and managing those users. 8 00:00:17,706 --> 00:00:21,794 And using a new funky tool called the Fast User Switcher. 9 00:00:21,894 --> 00:00:25,954 Now I'm using Ubuntu Gutsy, which has recently been installed. 10 00:00:26,054 --> 00:00:31,788 And I'm logging on with the user that was created when I first installed Ubuntu. 11 00:00:31,888 --> 00:00:35,076 So I created a user called ubuntu. 12 00:00:35,176 --> 00:00:38,472 Now this user has some rights over the system, 13 00:00:38,572 --> 00:00:41,441 has some administrative rights on the system. 14 00:00:41,541 --> 00:00:45,654 This user is able to apply updates, create printers 15 00:00:45,754 --> 00:00:49,464 and do other kind of administrative tasks. 16 00:00:49,564 --> 00:00:54,142 And one of the tasks that this user can do is create other users. 17 00:00:54,242 --> 00:00:56,381 Now this might be useful in an environment 18 00:00:56,481 --> 00:00:59,250 where you have more than one person using one PC, 19 00:00:59,350 --> 00:01:01,083 for example at home. 20 00:01:01,183 --> 00:01:04,005 This allows you to keep everyone settings and email 21 00:01:04,105 --> 00:01:07,646 and other preferences separate from each other. 22 00:01:07,746 --> 00:01:11,083 Now when we log on you can see up here there's a little icon 23 00:01:11,183 --> 00:01:17,517 or applet on the panel which has got my name in it, ubuntu user. 24 00:01:17,617 --> 00:01:22,464 And if I click on About Me in System -> Preferences, 25 00:01:24,203 --> 00:01:27,966 the About Me application comes up. 26 00:01:28,066 --> 00:01:30,130 Now this machine is not the quickest in the world, 27 00:01:30,230 --> 00:01:33,124 so apologies for some delays here. 28 00:01:33,224 --> 00:01:37,507 Now the username here is ubuntu, which is what I typed in when I logged on. 29 00:01:37,607 --> 00:01:41,056 But the real name of the user is ubuntu user. 30 00:01:41,156 --> 00:01:46,243 And here we have the opportunity to set a little photo, an avatar or icon 31 00:01:46,443 --> 00:01:50,004 and you'll see in the Fast User Switcher at the top of the screen, 32 00:01:50,104 --> 00:01:53,880 there's a little tick to show that I'm currently logged, that's this session. 33 00:01:53,980 --> 00:01:59,550 and on the left end of that icon, that line, you can see a picture 34 00:01:59,650 --> 00:02:03,040 and the picture is the same one as in the About Me window, 35 00:02:03,140 --> 00:02:06,224 and we can change that picture. 36 00:02:06,572 --> 00:02:11,422 There's some pictures supplied with the standard install of Ubuntu 37 00:02:11,522 --> 00:02:14,450 and I can just choose one and click Open. 38 00:02:14,550 --> 00:02:17,998 You can also go and find pictures, do a search 39 00:02:18,098 --> 00:02:21,492 or find pictures in your own home directory, 40 00:02:21,592 --> 00:02:23,953 if you've downloaded some pictures from the Internet 41 00:02:24,053 --> 00:02:26,701 or from a digital camera for example. 42 00:02:26,801 --> 00:02:29,917 You could use one of those as your icon, 43 00:02:30,017 --> 00:02:34,092 sometimes called an avatar or face. 44 00:02:34,192 --> 00:02:37,083 So I just choose this cup of coffee 45 00:02:37,183 --> 00:02:40,052 and close the About Me program. 46 00:02:40,152 --> 00:02:43,074 Now I'm not sure if this is a bug or feature, 47 00:02:43,174 --> 00:02:46,429 but it doesn't actually show my avatar straight away, 48 00:02:46,529 --> 00:02:51,051 it looks like the Fast User Switcher only loads the avatars, the faces 49 00:02:51,151 --> 00:02:54,414 at the point when the applet is loaded. 50 00:02:54,514 --> 00:02:58,766 So if we remove it from the panel by right-clicking the fast user switcher 51 00:02:58,866 --> 00:03:00,768 and choosing Remove From Panel. 52 00:03:00,868 --> 00:03:03,458 Then right-click the panel and choose Add to Panel... 53 00:03:03,558 --> 00:03:06,625 We can add it back in again, which causes it to reload, 54 00:03:06,725 --> 00:03:09,805 and it will reload my little face. 55 00:03:09,905 --> 00:03:13,956 So I choose Fast Switcher from the Add to Panel dialog. 56 00:03:14,056 --> 00:03:18,740 Click Add and in a couple of moments you will see the Fast User Switcher 57 00:03:18,840 --> 00:03:20,920 will appear on the panel. 58 00:03:21,020 --> 00:03:24,738 If I click my name, you can see, possibly can see 59 00:03:24,838 --> 00:03:28,492 there is a little grayed out coffee cup there. 60 00:03:28,770 --> 00:03:30,789 It's not vital that you do this, 61 00:03:30,889 --> 00:03:35,623 next time you log out and log back in that will happen anyway. 62 00:03:35,723 --> 00:03:39,304 But it's just nice to show that the icon does get reflected 63 00:03:39,404 --> 00:03:41,854 within the Fast User switcher. 64 00:03:41,954 --> 00:03:44,544 In the Fast User Switcher there is only one user listed, 65 00:03:44,644 --> 00:03:49,275 and that's because in a standard install you only get one user that's usable. 66 00:03:49,375 --> 00:03:52,869 If we go to System -> Administration -> Users and Groups, 67 00:03:52,969 --> 00:03:55,404 we can create more users. 68 00:03:55,504 --> 00:03:58,504 Now when I run this application it prompts me for a password, 69 00:03:58,604 --> 00:04:01,194 it's prompting for my password. 70 00:04:01,294 --> 00:04:05,074 We'll talk more about this in just a minute. 71 00:04:05,353 --> 00:04:09,542 But this is to ensure that only someone who knows my password 72 00:04:09,642 --> 00:04:13,137 is able to make administrative changes to the system. 73 00:04:13,237 --> 00:04:18,935 So that should be just me, because I'm the only person who knows this password. 74 00:04:19,035 --> 00:04:22,112 Although I don't mind telling you the password is ubuntu on this system, 75 00:04:22,212 --> 00:04:26,078 so it's not exactly secure. 76 00:04:26,178 --> 00:04:28,350 Now you can see here in the user settings, 77 00:04:28,450 --> 00:04:30,305 there are two users listed. 78 00:04:30,405 --> 00:04:33,591 There's me ubuntu user and if I click properties, 79 00:04:33,691 --> 00:04:36,397 you can see some information about this user. 80 00:04:36,497 --> 00:04:40,685 Now the absolute basics in here is Username, Real Name and Password. 81 00:04:40,787 --> 00:04:43,171 and that's all you really need to set. 82 00:04:43,271 --> 00:04:45,975 We'll look at this generate random password in a minute. 83 00:04:46,075 --> 00:04:49,801 There's some other tabs, which we'll look at a little bit later 84 00:04:49,901 --> 00:04:52,491 and you can see there's multiple users listed here. 85 00:04:52,591 --> 00:04:54,426 But I said there was only one usable, 86 00:04:54,539 --> 00:04:57,013 because this is the user that gets created, 87 00:04:57,113 --> 00:05:00,631 The Ubuntu user gets created during the install and you can choose what it's called, 88 00:05:00,731 --> 00:05:05,200 but there's also this extra user called root that gets created. 89 00:05:05,300 --> 00:05:07,991 Now we don't actually use the root account 90 00:05:08,091 --> 00:05:12,899 Well we do and we don't, we don't generally log on as the root user, 91 00:05:12,999 --> 00:05:16,570 but there may be some tasks, some administrative tasks, 92 00:05:16,670 --> 00:05:18,855 that we use the root user for 93 00:05:18,955 --> 00:05:22,291 and we'll look at that in later screencasts. 94 00:05:22,391 --> 00:05:27,300 But I'll just show you a bit of documentation about this whole root user. 95 00:05:27,400 --> 00:05:34,327 and you'll find it on-line at help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo 96 00:05:34,427 --> 00:05:38,478 and there's a paragraph here that details about the root account. 97 00:05:38,578 --> 00:05:42,327 And it says that it's locked, you generally don't use it. 98 00:05:42,427 --> 00:05:44,570 But since the root account does exist, 99 00:05:44,670 --> 00:05:48,194 it is possible to run users with root level privileges. 100 00:05:48,294 --> 00:05:52,206 What that means is when you try to run administrative tasks, 101 00:05:52,306 --> 00:05:56,167 this program sudo is used to elevate your privileges, 102 00:05:56,267 --> 00:06:01,181 to give you the rights to do what it is you want to do. 103 00:06:01,281 --> 00:06:06,104 And sudo, by default, is allowed for the first user 104 00:06:06,204 --> 00:06:08,834 that's created on an Ubuntu system. 105 00:06:08,934 --> 00:06:11,745 There's lots more documentation on that page, I strongly recommend you read it, 106 00:06:11,845 --> 00:06:16,231 especially if you've ever used Linux before and you're familiar with root accounts, 107 00:06:16,331 --> 00:06:24,023 because the way Ubuntu does it is different from some other LInux distributions. 108 00:06:24,123 --> 00:06:26,928 So in effect we have two users here, 109 00:06:27,028 --> 00:06:31,189 my user that I am logged on with and the root user. 110 00:06:31,289 --> 00:06:34,691 We can of course delete and create users in here. 111 00:06:34,791 --> 00:06:36,779 Incidentally if you delete a user, 112 00:06:36,879 --> 00:06:39,452 their home directory and all of their files do not get deleted, 113 00:06:39,552 --> 00:06:43,820 it's only the user account itself that gets deleted. 114 00:06:43,920 --> 00:06:47,074 So let's create a new user for someone in this house. 115 00:06:47,174 --> 00:06:51,133 Let's create one for me. 116 00:06:51,233 --> 00:06:53,553 So we'll give it a username, alan 117 00:06:53,714 --> 00:06:56,304 and the real name, my name Alan Pope. 118 00:06:56,404 --> 00:07:00,024 I'll leave the profile as desktop user for now, we'll come back to that in a minute, 119 00:07:00,124 --> 00:07:03,833 but just remember I set that to desktop user. 120 00:07:03,933 --> 00:07:08,734 And down here we can choose a password. 121 00:07:08,834 --> 00:07:12,546 If you're creating your own account, you can choose your own password. 122 00:07:12,646 --> 00:07:14,591 If you're creating it for someone else, 123 00:07:14,691 --> 00:07:16,752 you might want to generate a random password 124 00:07:16,852 --> 00:07:22,115 and then let them change it themselves afterward. 125 00:07:22,215 --> 00:07:24,329 Using this generate a random password button 126 00:07:24,429 --> 00:07:26,978 by clicking the generate button ensures that you get a 127 00:07:27,155 --> 00:07:29,373 more secure password than just 128 00:07:29,473 --> 00:07:33,663 the password I have for my account, which is ubuntu. 129 00:07:33,763 --> 00:07:38,241 I'm just going to type password for now and click Ok. 130 00:07:38,341 --> 00:07:43,033 Now when I do that, that's going to create a new user on my Ubuntu system. 131 00:07:43,133 --> 00:07:45,875 You can see there the name of the person is Alan Pope 132 00:07:45,975 --> 00:07:47,671 and the log in name is alan. 133 00:07:47,771 --> 00:07:50,971 And it's set a home directory, /home/alan 134 00:07:51,071 --> 00:07:54,071 so that's where that user's file will be located. 135 00:07:54,171 --> 00:07:57,480 Now if you look at the Fast User Switcher, you can see Alan Pope is listed, 136 00:07:57,589 --> 00:07:59,507 but there's no tick next to him. 137 00:07:59,607 --> 00:08:03,092 And the lack of a tick means that user is not currently logged in. 138 00:08:03,192 --> 00:08:05,984 If I click on the user it takes me to the log on screen 139 00:08:06,084 --> 00:08:09,493 and this is the Fast User Switcher switching between users. 140 00:08:09,593 --> 00:08:13,853 It takes me to the log on screen and prompts me for that user's password. 141 00:08:13,953 --> 00:08:19,294 So I don't have to type in the username, I just have to type in the password. 142 00:08:19,394 --> 00:08:22,572 I type in the password that I just set when I created the user 143 00:08:22,695 --> 00:08:26,352 and now I'm logged in as alan. 144 00:08:26,452 --> 00:08:30,308 So the interface looks pretty much exactly the same as the other user, 145 00:08:30,408 --> 00:08:32,377 because this is a standard install. 146 00:08:32,477 --> 00:08:37,293 But this user could customize the look and feel and change the settings 147 00:08:37,393 --> 00:08:40,396 and those would all be kept separate from other users on the system. 148 00:08:40,596 --> 00:08:44,481 And you can now see the Fast User Switcher shows two users that are logged on. 149 00:08:44,581 --> 00:08:46,599 They've both got a tick next to them. 150 00:08:46,699 --> 00:08:51,188 So the ubuntu user might have programs running and so might I. 151 00:08:51,288 --> 00:08:56,307 I'll set my face in the About Me application 152 00:08:56,407 --> 00:08:58,727 in the same way that I did for the ubuntu user 153 00:08:58,827 --> 00:09:02,763 and I'll choose a different icon. 154 00:09:09,369 --> 00:09:11,689 Now you'll notice again, 155 00:09:11,789 --> 00:09:15,169 when you click on the Fast User Switcher the icon doesn't appear, 156 00:09:15,269 --> 00:09:17,333 but it will appear the next time this person logs on 157 00:09:17,433 --> 00:09:21,120 or if someone else logs on to the system. 158 00:09:23,717 --> 00:09:27,753 Now remember I created this user as a desktop user, 159 00:09:27,853 --> 00:09:33,363 so this user doesn't have very many rights over the system. 160 00:09:33,463 --> 00:09:36,881 doesn't have rights to do much in terms of administration. 161 00:09:36,981 --> 00:09:39,594 So if we look under the System -> Administration menu, 162 00:09:39,694 --> 00:09:43,059 you can see it's somewhat shorter than it was for the ubuntu user. 163 00:09:43,159 --> 00:09:47,573 There's a lot of stuff missing here, because this user doesn't have right to make changes 164 00:09:47,673 --> 00:09:51,428 and this is useful if you're creating accounts for other members of the family 165 00:09:51,528 --> 00:09:54,936 and you don't want them running amok with the system. 166 00:09:55,036 --> 00:09:57,937 So this user is unable to install software, 167 00:09:58,037 --> 00:10:02,022 can't create other users, there are lots of things he can't do. 168 00:10:02,122 --> 00:10:05,473 If we switch back to the ubuntu user, using the Fast User Switcher, 169 00:10:05,573 --> 00:10:07,997 you can see that it pops up the password prompt. 170 00:10:08,097 --> 00:10:10,393 This is actually the screensaver. 171 00:10:10,494 --> 00:10:12,814 So when you switch from one user to the other, 172 00:10:12,914 --> 00:10:16,370 the one you switch from, the screen gets locked. 173 00:10:16,470 --> 00:10:20,153 So that no other member of the family or no other user of the computer 174 00:10:20,253 --> 00:10:23,053 can switch to another persons account 175 00:10:23,153 --> 00:10:25,700 So I type in the ubuntu user's password 176 00:10:25,800 --> 00:10:28,550 and we are now back on the ubuntu users desktop. 177 00:10:28,650 --> 00:10:33,029 As you can see it's pretty quick at switching between one user and another. 178 00:10:33,129 --> 00:10:35,118 Now this system has plenty of memory 179 00:10:35,218 --> 00:10:38,536 to be able to run all the application that each user needs to run, 180 00:10:38,636 --> 00:10:41,889 but obviously if lots of users run lots of applications 181 00:10:41,989 --> 00:10:45,276 then it might not be as quick. 182 00:10:47,562 --> 00:10:51,983 Let's create another account, this one is for my wife Clare. 183 00:10:52,089 --> 00:10:56,187 So we create a username Clare and her real name Clare Pope. 184 00:10:56,287 --> 00:10:59,364 And we'll change the profile to be administrator. 185 00:10:59,464 --> 00:11:04,710 So you can see the difference between alan and clare on this system 186 00:11:04,810 --> 00:11:08,846 I wonder if this tells us anything...? 187 00:11:08,946 --> 00:11:11,847 So I'll set a password for Clare. 188 00:11:18,175 --> 00:11:20,572 and click Ok. 189 00:11:20,672 --> 00:11:24,203 You can create any number of accounts, 190 00:11:24,303 --> 00:11:28,918 I'm sure there is an upper limit, but it's probably very very high. 191 00:11:29,018 --> 00:11:34,592 Probably more users than you have children or family members in your house. 192 00:11:36,558 --> 00:11:39,508 Now you'll notice again under the fast user switcher, 193 00:11:39,608 --> 00:11:42,579 alan and ubuntu user are both still logged in, 194 00:11:42,679 --> 00:11:46,671 but clare is not yet logged in, clare has not been switched to, 195 00:11:46,771 --> 00:11:49,747 so she doesn't have a little tick next to her name. 196 00:11:50,553 --> 00:11:53,782 If I click on clare, again we get taken to the log on screen, 197 00:11:53,882 --> 00:11:57,286 where we can type in clare's password 198 00:11:57,412 --> 00:12:01,397 and then we'll be taken to clare's desktop. 199 00:12:13,021 --> 00:12:15,897 There, that works nicely. 200 00:12:16,098 --> 00:12:19,048 Again this system is not the fastest in the world, 201 00:12:19,148 --> 00:12:21,267 doesn't have lots and lots of memory, 202 00:12:21,367 --> 00:12:24,798 so every time you switch and you have multiple users logged on, 203 00:12:24,898 --> 00:12:26,992 there's lots of extra programs running, 204 00:12:27,092 --> 00:12:29,186 because there's multiple copies of things running 205 00:12:29,286 --> 00:12:31,632 for each of the different users. 206 00:12:31,732 --> 00:12:35,265 So here we go, we've got all three users logged on. 207 00:12:35,507 --> 00:12:37,503 You can see clare's name is grayed out, 208 00:12:37,603 --> 00:12:39,422 because we are currently logged on as clare. 209 00:12:39,522 --> 00:12:42,248 Whereas I could click on alan or the ubuntu user 210 00:12:42,348 --> 00:12:46,611 and switch to either one of those accounts, if I know their password. 211 00:12:47,190 --> 00:12:51,502 Now if we go to System -> Administration, you'll see the menu is slightly longer, 212 00:12:51,602 --> 00:12:54,755 because I created clare as an administrative account, 213 00:12:54,855 --> 00:12:57,100 not a desktop user. 214 00:12:57,200 --> 00:13:04,035 And you'll notice clare has further rights to create other users. 215 00:13:05,951 --> 00:13:09,230 So this might be useful if you have for example, 216 00:13:09,330 --> 00:13:12,407 multiple responsible people in a household. 217 00:13:12,507 --> 00:13:17,678 So maybe two adults in a household could both have rights to create users 218 00:13:17,778 --> 00:13:22,217 and maybe the children or visitors won't have those kind of rights. 219 00:13:22,317 --> 00:13:24,813 Now again when you run these administrative tools 220 00:13:24,913 --> 00:13:29,238 sudo is used to grant you temporary rights. 221 00:13:29,352 --> 00:13:31,395 I think it lasts for about 5 minutes. 222 00:13:31,495 --> 00:13:34,573 You won't get asked for your password again for about 5 minutes, 223 00:13:34,673 --> 00:13:38,582 when you are doing these administrative tasks. 224 00:13:38,682 --> 00:13:42,793 So now clare can administer the users. 225 00:13:59,108 --> 00:14:03,320 Lets make this window a little bit bigger. 226 00:14:03,420 --> 00:14:07,877 And if we highlight a user and click properties, 227 00:14:08,004 --> 00:14:10,005 You can see the difference between these users, 228 00:14:10,105 --> 00:14:12,524 if we go to the user privileges tabs. 229 00:14:12,624 --> 00:14:14,844 You can see these little check boxes, 230 00:14:14,944 --> 00:14:18,500 where we can define what the user is allowed to do. 231 00:14:18,600 --> 00:14:20,666 So here we have settings for 232 00:14:20,766 --> 00:14:25,812 are they allowed use the audio card, the CD-ROM and so on. 233 00:14:25,963 --> 00:14:29,576 Some of the more interesting ones include, right at the top, 234 00:14:29,676 --> 00:14:32,205 access external storage devices automatically, means 235 00:14:32,328 --> 00:14:35,959 what happens when someone plugs in an external hard drive or a memory stick. 236 00:14:36,059 --> 00:14:37,985 You might not want people to be able to do that, 237 00:14:38,085 --> 00:14:40,088 so you could turn that off. 238 00:14:40,188 --> 00:14:42,191 If you connect to the Internet using a modem, 239 00:14:42,291 --> 00:14:45,583 you might want to restrict access to that. 240 00:14:45,683 --> 00:14:47,899 And you can also see there's also a tick mark at the top 241 00:14:47,999 --> 00:14:51,811 next to administer the system. 242 00:14:51,911 --> 00:14:56,375 So the ubuntu user has a tick mark next to administer the system. 243 00:14:56,475 --> 00:15:00,309 And if we look at alan's account, which was set up as a desktop account, 244 00:15:00,409 --> 00:15:02,578 you can see that is the only thing he doesn't have, 245 00:15:02,678 --> 00:15:04,899 which is administer the system. 246 00:15:04,999 --> 00:15:11,001 You can of course tick the box and make changes to users privileges, 247 00:15:11,101 --> 00:15:15,187 after you've created the user account. 248 00:15:15,993 --> 00:15:20,029 And those changes will take effect the next time that user logs in. 249 00:15:20,129 --> 00:15:23,835 or starts a new session or the next time you switch to that account 250 00:15:23,935 --> 00:15:26,005 and they log on again. 251 00:15:26,105 --> 00:15:28,880 You can see here clare has all the boxes ticked, 252 00:15:28,980 --> 00:15:32,385 so she has been set up as an administrative account. 253 00:15:36,368 --> 00:15:39,168 Now there's another tab over here, Advanced. 254 00:15:39,268 --> 00:15:42,118 and in here we define where the user's home directory is. 255 00:15:42,218 --> 00:15:46,405 the default is /home/ and then their username 256 00:15:46,505 --> 00:15:48,876 and pretty much everyone uses that convention, 257 00:15:48,976 --> 00:15:53,441 but in other environments you might want to set that somewhere else. 258 00:15:53,541 --> 00:15:57,198 There's a group as well, the user is a member of a number of groups 259 00:15:57,298 --> 00:16:00,779 and this is the first, initial, main group the user is a member of. 260 00:16:00,879 --> 00:16:05,166 And then there's the User ID, which is a unique number on this system 261 00:16:05,266 --> 00:16:08,192 I'll just show you that each user has their own unique number. 262 00:16:08,292 --> 00:16:16,842 So clare is User ID 1002, alan is User ID 1001 263 00:16:16,942 --> 00:16:22,112 and the first user that is created on an Ubuntu system is User ID 1000. 264 00:16:22,212 --> 00:16:26,954 Now we'll look at that maybe in a little bit more detail in a later screencast. 265 00:16:27,054 --> 00:16:31,871 But it's useful to know that that's the way in which the users are identified internally 266 00:16:31,971 --> 00:16:35,476 inside Linux is by this User ID. 267 00:16:35,576 --> 00:16:40,394 Now there's another setting here for the shell and /bin/bash 268 00:16:40,494 --> 00:16:44,807 means there is a program called bash, in a directory called /bin 269 00:16:44,907 --> 00:16:47,580 and it's what gets executed when you choose 270 00:16:47,680 --> 00:16:51,262 Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal. 271 00:16:51,362 --> 00:16:55,221 Now we're not going to talk about this, because this is a very lengthy subject 272 00:16:55,321 --> 00:16:58,853 and I try to avoid the terminal wherever possible in these screencasts. 273 00:16:58,953 --> 00:17:02,509 But maybe in a later screencast we'll cover this in more detail. 274 00:17:02,609 --> 00:17:05,770 But that setting defines what program gets executed 275 00:17:05,870 --> 00:17:09,141 when you open a terminal under this user account. 276 00:17:09,241 --> 00:17:11,839 And there are multiple different shells you can choose from 277 00:17:11,939 --> 00:17:17,563 and people have different preferences for whichever shell, what they're familiar with. 278 00:17:17,663 --> 00:17:21,825 But generally we leave that as bash on Ubuntu. 279 00:17:22,732 --> 00:17:26,792 So again let's go down to Users and Groups. 280 00:17:29,515 --> 00:17:32,592 and we'll create another account. 281 00:17:32,692 --> 00:17:37,080 This time we'll create an account for our daughter, Sophie. 282 00:17:37,837 --> 00:17:42,150 So we'll put a username in here, called sophie and real name, Sophie Pope 283 00:17:42,250 --> 00:17:47,117 and this time we'll choose a profile which is unprivileged. 284 00:17:49,310 --> 00:17:51,051 Sounds a bit harsh really. 285 00:17:51,151 --> 00:17:56,523 We'll give sophie a password and click Ok. 286 00:17:57,632 --> 00:18:02,726 Now what this will do is create a user that has even less rights than alan has. 287 00:18:04,135 --> 00:18:07,165 So under user privileges, nothing is ticked. 288 00:18:07,265 --> 00:18:10,334 So Sophie can't even use the audio card, 289 00:18:10,434 --> 00:18:13,191 she can't play any music, she can't play any CDs. 290 00:18:13,291 --> 00:18:17,894 So we probably want to modify this if I want to allow Sophie to be able to 291 00:18:17,994 --> 00:18:22,197 listen to music on-line or maybe use a CD-ROM device. 292 00:18:22,297 --> 00:18:24,787 I've got a wired network, so I don't need to worry about the 293 00:18:24,887 --> 00:18:27,514 connect to Internet using a modem. 294 00:18:27,614 --> 00:18:30,767 So I'm not going to tick that one. 295 00:18:30,867 --> 00:18:34,624 I don't necessarily want her to be able to plug-in USB sticks 296 00:18:34,724 --> 00:18:36,239 So I'll leave that one off. 297 00:18:36,339 --> 00:18:41,610 and we'll just turn on use audio devices and use CD-ROM drives. 298 00:18:46,249 --> 00:18:52,100 What that actually does is put Sophie's User ID into a number of groups 299 00:18:52,200 --> 00:18:55,883 and it's those groups that grant her access to do these various things, 300 00:18:55,983 --> 00:19:00,170 like play CDs and listen to audio. 301 00:19:01,304 --> 00:19:05,188 We'll cover groups in a bit more detail in a later screencast. 302 00:19:06,927 --> 00:19:10,156 So now using the Fast User Switcher I can click on Sophies's name 303 00:19:10,256 --> 00:19:15,400 and it takes me to the log on screen where I type in Sophies's password. 304 00:19:18,527 --> 00:19:22,512 And Sophie is now logged in. 305 00:19:23,872 --> 00:19:26,858 And she can again customize her display 306 00:19:26,958 --> 00:19:30,883 and all her favorites and configuration is saved in her home directory. 307 00:19:30,983 --> 00:19:33,400 Separate from everybody else's. 308 00:19:33,500 --> 00:19:37,868 Now you can see everyone's logged in, so everyone has a little tick next to their name 309 00:19:37,968 --> 00:19:41,298 and only two of the users have set a face, an avatar. 310 00:19:41,398 --> 00:19:45,088 And if we go to System -> Administration, you can see again, 311 00:19:45,188 --> 00:19:48,510 Sophie has a short Administration menu. 312 00:19:48,610 --> 00:19:53,578 She can't. for example, use Synaptic Package Manager to install new software. 313 00:19:53,678 --> 00:19:58,569 So if she learned about a new game, for example, that runs under Ubuntu. 314 00:19:58,669 --> 00:20:01,295 She wouldn't be able to use it. 315 00:20:01,395 --> 00:20:03,986 She would be able to use the CD-ROM drive though, 316 00:20:04,086 --> 00:20:06,867 and the audio card, so she can listen to music, 317 00:20:06,967 --> 00:20:08,908 put CDs in and listen to those 318 00:20:09,008 --> 00:20:13,147 and maybe rip those CDs on to the hard disk. 319 00:20:13,247 --> 00:20:17,106 And she can use any of the applications that are installed on the menu. 320 00:20:17,206 --> 00:20:20,156 Notice missing from the bottom is the Add/Remove programs, 321 00:20:20,256 --> 00:20:24,545 so she can't install programs via that method either. 322 00:20:30,091 --> 00:20:33,574 So this is a good way of creating multiple user accounts, 323 00:20:33,674 --> 00:20:36,270 multiple personalities, on a system. 324 00:20:36,370 --> 00:20:40,452 And switching between those account quickly with the Fast User Switcher. 325 00:20:40,568 --> 00:20:43,809 This is useful if you have a common PC that lots of people 326 00:20:43,909 --> 00:20:47,895 in one household or in one office might use. 327 00:20:47,995 --> 00:20:51,562 Each person is able to log out of course and this is a good idea, 328 00:20:51,662 --> 00:20:55,656 because it gives the memory back to the system that you were using, 329 00:20:55,756 --> 00:20:57,678 so other people can use it. 330 00:20:57,778 --> 00:20:59,974 So it makes sense for you to log out. 331 00:21:00,074 --> 00:21:06,296 And when you do log out, it takes you back to one of the other accounts 332 00:21:06,396 --> 00:21:08,285 that was already logged on. 333 00:21:08,385 --> 00:21:11,447 and it takes you to their screensaver. 334 00:21:11,547 --> 00:21:14,561 Remember when you switch from one user account to another, 335 00:21:14,661 --> 00:21:17,802 the user account you switch from gets locked. 336 00:21:17,902 --> 00:21:21,534 And so you need to know the password to get into that account. 337 00:21:21,634 --> 00:21:24,283 Alternatively you can click the Switch User button 338 00:21:24,383 --> 00:21:29,145 and switch to an account that you do know the password for. 339 00:21:30,233 --> 00:21:35,025 So we'll type in the password for the ubuntu user, because we know that 340 00:21:35,125 --> 00:21:39,261 and now we're back to the ubuntu user session that we started with. 341 00:21:40,042 --> 00:21:45,131 You can see now that alan, clare and the ubuntu user are still logged in 342 00:21:45,231 --> 00:21:47,751 and Sophie is now no longer logged in. 343 00:21:47,851 --> 00:21:50,608 It makes sense for people to log out, not just to give the memory back, 344 00:21:50,734 --> 00:21:53,761 but also they may have had programs running 345 00:21:53,861 --> 00:21:57,720 and other users on the system might not know what programs other people have running. 346 00:21:57,820 --> 00:22:01,728 You can find out, but it's just easier if you don't have to go and find out, 347 00:22:01,828 --> 00:22:03,650 when you want to shut the system down. 348 00:22:03,750 --> 00:22:05,914 So if the ubuntu user were to shutdown now, 349 00:22:06,014 --> 00:22:10,530 it would close all the applications that all the other users were running. 350 00:22:11,563 --> 00:22:17,288 Which might not be what the other people who use the computer want to happen. 351 00:22:20,086 --> 00:22:23,968 Now there's one other thing I want to show you, which is the log in window. 352 00:22:24,071 --> 00:22:27,828 The log in window so far we've typed in our username and typed in our password. 353 00:22:27,928 --> 00:22:33,250 Or if you've chosen a name from the Fast User Switcher, you just type in your password. 354 00:22:33,627 --> 00:22:36,200 What we are going to do now is change the log in screen, 355 00:22:36,300 --> 00:22:38,873 so that instead of people typing in their username, 356 00:22:38,973 --> 00:22:42,631 they get to choose their user from a list. 357 00:22:42,731 --> 00:22:47,296 So I went to System -> Administration -> Login Window and we get this program, 358 00:22:47,396 --> 00:22:50,549 which configures the logon screen. 359 00:22:50,649 --> 00:22:54,939 You can see here, this is the default theme that the logon screen has 360 00:22:55,039 --> 00:22:57,357 and there are a number of other themes available. 361 00:22:57,457 --> 00:22:59,728 The one at the bottom, Human list, 362 00:22:59,828 --> 00:23:04,014 says Ubuntu default welcome theme with face browser. 363 00:23:04,114 --> 00:23:08,604 And the face browser is a little window that appears on the logon screen, 364 00:23:08,704 --> 00:23:12,109 allowing you to choose which user you want to logon with, 365 00:23:12,209 --> 00:23:15,463 by clicking with the mouse rather than typing a name. 366 00:23:15,663 --> 00:23:17,883 Now what I'm going to do is just reboot the PC, 367 00:23:17,983 --> 00:23:19,951 So there's no users logged on at all 368 00:23:20,051 --> 00:23:22,296 and we'll get back to the logon screen. 369 00:23:22,396 --> 00:23:24,944 And the logon screen looks slightly different. 370 00:23:25,044 --> 00:23:27,213 Notice here we have the face browser at the top 371 00:23:27,313 --> 00:23:30,946 and we can scroll through the list of users who exist on this system. 372 00:23:31,046 --> 00:23:36,594 And if we click on them, the prompt at the bottom just asks for the password. 373 00:23:38,056 --> 00:23:41,450 If you choose a different user, then enter the password, 374 00:23:41,550 --> 00:23:45,697 then obviously it's going to accept that as the password for 375 00:23:45,797 --> 00:23:47,261 whichever user you've clicked on. 376 00:23:47,361 --> 00:23:52,253 So you obviously need to match the right user with the right password. 377 00:23:55,178 --> 00:23:57,448 There, simple as that. 378 00:24:06,803 --> 00:24:11,015 Now in the environment I've got here, I got one user called ubuntu, 379 00:24:11,115 --> 00:24:15,050 which I don't actually use for anything other than these screencasts. 380 00:24:15,150 --> 00:24:20,320 And we can have separate users for all the other people that use this computer. 381 00:24:20,420 --> 00:24:23,876 That way if we mess up the user accounts that other people use, 382 00:24:23,976 --> 00:24:27,633 we've still got a user account called ubuntu that we can log on with 383 00:24:27,733 --> 00:24:30,507 and we can do some maintenance and recovery 384 00:24:30,607 --> 00:24:35,374 and fix the system in the event of a problem. 385 00:24:38,425 --> 00:24:41,905 One other thing that is quite cute that I'll show you is, if we lock the screen, 386 00:24:43,216 --> 00:24:46,065 all I did there was click the power button in the corner of the screen 387 00:24:46,191 --> 00:24:49,168 and choose lock. 388 00:24:49,268 --> 00:24:52,621 It initiates the screensaver, which I've got set to blank screen 389 00:24:52,721 --> 00:24:57,363 and here it shows me the standard unlock screen. 390 00:24:57,463 --> 00:25:00,061 Where I can switch to another user account 391 00:25:00,161 --> 00:25:02,034 or someone can leave me a message. 392 00:25:02,134 --> 00:25:04,474 So if I've locked my screen and walked away, 393 00:25:04,574 --> 00:25:10,072 another member of the family can come along and leave me a message on the computer. 394 00:25:10,172 --> 00:25:15,292 So here's Sophie typing in, hey dad please install some games for me, love Sophie. 395 00:25:15,392 --> 00:25:17,209 and hits save. 396 00:25:18,822 --> 00:25:21,748 I come back to my screen some time later, 397 00:25:21,848 --> 00:25:24,772 and I go to unlock the computer, I type in my password 398 00:25:24,872 --> 00:25:28,127 and when I hit unlock, I see little pop-up at the bottom of the screen, 399 00:25:28,227 --> 00:25:31,203 with whatever message has been left for me. 400 00:25:32,792 --> 00:25:35,187 That's quite cute, I like that. 401 00:25:40,104 --> 00:25:43,282 So there we go, how to manage some users 402 00:25:43,382 --> 00:25:46,257 and use the Fast User Switching tool in Ubuntu. 403 00:25:46,357 --> 00:25:50,242 Remember I've been showing you Ubuntu 7.10, 404 00:25:50,342 --> 00:25:52,436 which is not out for a little while. 405 00:25:52,536 --> 00:25:54,780 You can see the rest of our screencasts on our website, 406 00:25:54,880 --> 00:25:57,882 screencasts.ubuntu.com
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