TranslationStatus
Attachment '20070914_files_and_folders_en.srt'
Download1 00:00:00,400 --> 00:00:00,500 2 00:00:01,784 --> 00:00:03,989 This is Alan Pope with the fourteenth screencast in the 3 00:00:04,089 --> 00:00:06,107 Ubuntu Month of Screencasts. 4 00:00:06,207 --> 00:00:08,959 All the screencasts in this month can be downloaded from our website, 5 00:00:09,059 --> 00:00:12,545 which is screencasts.ubuntu.com 6 00:00:12,655 --> 00:00:16,568 In this screencast we are going to look at the Nautilus file browser, 7 00:00:16,937 --> 00:00:21,035 and managing files and folders on your Ubuntu desktop. 8 00:00:21,266 --> 00:00:24,600 So first of all we will go to our home folder. 9 00:00:24,816 --> 00:00:27,919 Now within the Nautilus browser we have a couple of toolbars 10 00:00:28,019 --> 00:00:30,334 along the top of the window. 11 00:00:32,173 --> 00:00:34,667 We'll go through these in just a moment. 12 00:00:35,549 --> 00:00:39,320 And the screen is split and you have a pane on the left with a tree view, 13 00:00:39,420 --> 00:00:42,395 this is configurable, we'll see that a bit later as well 14 00:00:42,495 --> 00:00:46,211 and on the right hand side we have our files and folders. 15 00:00:46,311 --> 00:00:50,191 There are a number of standard folders you get delivered with Ubuntu. 16 00:00:50,291 --> 00:00:52,442 You can of course create additional folders 17 00:00:52,542 --> 00:00:55,452 and manage your files and folders by dragging and dropping 18 00:00:55,552 --> 00:00:58,136 and all the usual methods. 19 00:00:58,299 --> 00:01:00,943 If we dive in to a folder here, this one called documents, 20 00:01:01,043 --> 00:01:03,677 you see the tree view on the left expands up. 21 00:01:03,777 --> 00:01:05,888 And along the top of the window, 22 00:01:05,988 --> 00:01:10,556 you can see it says the folder that we're in is Documents. 23 00:01:10,656 --> 00:01:16,088 You can also use these little arrows to navigate around. 24 00:01:18,702 --> 00:01:22,132 On this toolbar you can see we are in the documents folder, 25 00:01:22,232 --> 00:01:24,780 which is within the screencasts folder. 26 00:01:24,880 --> 00:01:27,215 The screencasts folder is my home directory, 27 00:01:27,315 --> 00:01:30,456 the user I'm using is called screencasts. 28 00:01:32,065 --> 00:01:34,910 So there you can see the home folder. 29 00:01:35,010 --> 00:01:37,676 You can also see a button that takes you to the home folder. 30 00:01:37,776 --> 00:01:42,633 The little icon of a house represents the home folder. 31 00:01:42,733 --> 00:01:46,908 You can toggle this toolbar to the show the location in text form 32 00:01:47,008 --> 00:01:48,883 or in button. 33 00:01:48,983 --> 00:01:52,619 And you can see here it shows the full location, the full path 34 00:01:52,719 --> 00:01:54,631 to the folder that we are currently looking at, 35 00:01:54,731 --> 00:02:00,881 which is /home/screencasts/documents. 36 00:02:00,981 --> 00:02:04,293 You can use the buttons on the toolbar to navigate around. 37 00:02:04,393 --> 00:02:07,167 to go up one level in the directory tree. 38 00:02:07,267 --> 00:02:12,914 to go backwards and to refresh what's in that browser window. 39 00:02:13,014 --> 00:02:16,157 Down the bottom we have some details about how much is in this folder 40 00:02:16,257 --> 00:02:18,770 and how much free space there is as well. 41 00:02:18,870 --> 00:02:22,936 We can quickly go to home by clicking the home folder. 42 00:02:23,036 --> 00:02:27,606 and ticking the computer button takes us to a view of 43 00:02:27,706 --> 00:02:29,897 the devices within our system. 44 00:02:29,997 --> 00:02:34,431 These devices could be external devices or they might be disks. 45 00:02:34,531 --> 00:02:38,310 We can also press the search button to locate files. 46 00:02:38,410 --> 00:02:41,212 So I just type in a search term here on the toolbar 47 00:02:41,312 --> 00:02:46,290 and it shows the results directly in the window I'm currently using. 48 00:02:47,427 --> 00:02:50,715 Again we go back to home. 49 00:02:57,413 --> 00:03:00,114 And on the left-hand side you can see we have number of options 50 00:03:00,214 --> 00:03:02,629 for what's shown in the left hand pane. 51 00:03:02,729 --> 00:03:06,005 If I change this to Places instead of Tree, 52 00:03:06,105 --> 00:03:10,208 you'll see the display changes and it shows a set of shortcuts. 53 00:03:10,308 --> 00:03:12,866 These are the major places on your system. 54 00:03:12,966 --> 00:03:18,973 including your desktop itself, your home directory, CD-ROM drive and so on. 55 00:03:19,073 --> 00:03:24,361 And a bit lower down you can see some shortcuts to some commonly used folders, 56 00:03:24,461 --> 00:03:27,702 If I change this left pane to show Information, 57 00:03:27,802 --> 00:03:30,496 you can see it shows a large icon 58 00:03:30,596 --> 00:03:33,413 and gets larger if you expand that view 59 00:03:33,513 --> 00:03:36,746 and shows some details about the folder that you are currently looking at. 60 00:03:36,846 --> 00:03:39,124 So we are currently in my home directory, 61 00:03:39,224 --> 00:03:43,686 called screencasts and it shows a bit of information about that folder. 62 00:03:45,403 --> 00:03:49,793 There's also a History view, which shows all the folders I've looked at so far. 63 00:03:49,893 --> 00:03:52,903 So you can see here I looked at documents, then computer, 64 00:03:53,003 --> 00:03:56,128 then did a search and then came back home again. 65 00:03:57,831 --> 00:04:02,796 You can also annotate folders with notes. 66 00:04:02,896 --> 00:04:05,598 So here I can just type in some free text, 67 00:04:05,698 --> 00:04:07,817 which might be useful for describing a folder. 68 00:04:07,917 --> 00:04:10,555 Sometimes the name is not enough, you might want to put 69 00:04:10,655 --> 00:04:14,750 a more verbose description of what the folder contains. 70 00:04:14,858 --> 00:04:17,488 And you'll see this little yellow icon to show that this folder 71 00:04:17,588 --> 00:04:20,713 has a note attached. 72 00:04:21,324 --> 00:04:23,415 There are also graphical emblems. 73 00:04:23,515 --> 00:04:26,612 So rather than putting a piece of text on a folder, 74 00:04:26,712 --> 00:04:30,886 you could grab an icon that depicts what that folder might be used for. 75 00:04:30,986 --> 00:04:33,832 You can see there's a lot of delivered icons 76 00:04:33,932 --> 00:04:37,855 that you can just grab hold of and drag over to a folder 77 00:04:37,955 --> 00:04:40,070 and it puts a little icon on the folder. 78 00:04:40,170 --> 00:04:46,117 Now you can't see it too well, if I zoom in you might be able to see it a bit better. 79 00:04:46,217 --> 00:04:48,552 In some of the other views we'll see later, 80 00:04:48,652 --> 00:04:52,583 it'll show up a bit, be a bit easier to see. 81 00:04:52,683 --> 00:04:54,658 Let's go back to Places now. 82 00:04:58,933 --> 00:05:02,748 You'll notice down the bottom of the Places menu, a number of shortcuts. 83 00:05:02,848 --> 00:05:06,915 We'll configure some of those a little bit later on. 84 00:05:07,015 --> 00:05:10,212 Now there's some more configuration options if you go to the Edit menu, 85 00:05:10,312 --> 00:05:11,685 which is preferences. 86 00:05:11,785 --> 00:05:15,931 You see the File Management Preferences dialog appears. 87 00:05:16,031 --> 00:05:18,408 And in here we have some options for the default view, 88 00:05:18,508 --> 00:05:21,463 So this is what you get when you open Nautilus 89 00:05:21,563 --> 00:05:24,508 and by default we are viewing as icons, 90 00:05:24,608 --> 00:05:26,995 but we could view as a list. 91 00:05:27,095 --> 00:05:29,725 You can see with a list view we get more information. 92 00:05:29,825 --> 00:05:31,944 We get information about the size, type 93 00:05:32,044 --> 00:05:36,650 and the date that each item in the folder was modified. 94 00:05:36,937 --> 00:05:41,184 And here on the Preference pane you can choose what is the default 95 00:05:41,284 --> 00:05:45,386 when you open up the Nautilus file browser. 96 00:05:45,486 --> 00:05:48,504 You can also choose how to arrange the files. 97 00:05:48,604 --> 00:05:52,247 So by default it's by name, so alphabetically. 98 00:05:52,347 --> 00:05:55,041 You might choose to sort them by a different method, 99 00:05:55,141 --> 00:05:58,921 for example the largest items at the top of the list 100 00:05:59,021 --> 00:06:02,233 or the most recently modified at the top of the list. 101 00:06:02,872 --> 00:06:05,861 You can also choose to sort folders before files, 102 00:06:05,961 --> 00:06:08,843 so all the folders are grouped together at the top of the list 103 00:06:08,943 --> 00:06:12,506 and then all the files appear below. 104 00:06:12,606 --> 00:06:15,193 You can change the arrangement of course, 105 00:06:15,293 --> 00:06:20,912 just by choosing the drop down in the Preferences dialog. 106 00:06:25,071 --> 00:06:27,873 You can also choose to show hidden and backup files. 107 00:06:27,973 --> 00:06:33,269 Now hidden files, under Ubuntu are... well they're hidden by default. 108 00:06:33,369 --> 00:06:37,867 It's similar to using this option under the View menu, which is Show Hidden Files. 109 00:06:37,967 --> 00:06:42,421 Now you'll see a lot of files have appeared, whereas they were previously hidden 110 00:06:42,521 --> 00:06:46,057 and the thing they all have in common is they all start with a full stop, 111 00:06:46,157 --> 00:06:49,138 they all have a dot at the beginning of their name. 112 00:06:49,238 --> 00:06:52,406 So that's how you make a file hidden, on Ubuntu, 113 00:06:52,506 --> 00:06:55,216 is just prefix it with a full stop. 114 00:06:55,316 --> 00:06:58,585 Usually these are used for configuration or 115 00:06:58,685 --> 00:07:03,873 other folders that are used by the system that you generally don't need to look at. 116 00:07:03,973 --> 00:07:10,583 So we generally hide them, but of course you can show them if you want to. 117 00:07:11,768 --> 00:07:17,523 There's a default zoom level, so you can have the icons appearing much larger. 118 00:07:17,623 --> 00:07:20,469 or if you want, you can have them appearing smaller. 119 00:07:20,569 --> 00:07:24,473 If you have a lot of folders for example, you might want to shrink the zoom level down 120 00:07:24,573 --> 00:07:26,528 so that you can get more on the screen. 121 00:07:26,628 --> 00:07:30,167 And again in the preferences dialog you can change the default. 122 00:07:30,267 --> 00:07:34,246 There's also a compact layout, which squashes together the icons 123 00:07:34,346 --> 00:07:37,452 and doesn't space them out quite so regularly. 124 00:07:37,552 --> 00:07:44,248 Again that's useful if you have lots of folders or files that you want to see at once. 125 00:07:47,330 --> 00:07:52,071 You can also chose to place the text description of an icon 126 00:07:52,171 --> 00:07:55,420 of a file or folder next to it or below. 127 00:07:55,520 --> 00:08:00,880 And that's just toggled with that tick box. 128 00:08:03,498 --> 00:08:05,616 So basically you can play around with these settings 129 00:08:05,716 --> 00:08:10,363 until you get something that you feel is right for you. 130 00:08:12,151 --> 00:08:14,961 Down the bottom of the Preferences window, 131 00:08:15,061 --> 00:08:17,978 there's an option for the zoom level if you're in the list view. 132 00:08:18,078 --> 00:08:23,905 So there's two separate zooms, one for icon view and one for list view. 133 00:08:25,801 --> 00:08:28,495 And of course you can override the default settings 134 00:08:28,595 --> 00:08:34,502 using the little magnifying glass icons as I just showed you. 135 00:08:37,619 --> 00:08:42,081 There's also an option in the preferences dialog to show only folders, 136 00:08:42,181 --> 00:08:46,248 so you can see here in the examples folder there are lots of files. 137 00:08:46,348 --> 00:08:49,868 But if we turn on Show only folders, then they disappear. 138 00:08:49,968 --> 00:08:52,742 So you can use the tree view to just view folders 139 00:08:52,842 --> 00:08:56,700 and then look at the files on the right-hand side of the window. 140 00:08:56,908 --> 00:08:58,549 But of course that is configurable, 141 00:08:58,655 --> 00:09:03,849 if you want to show the files on the left-hand side as well in the tree view, you can do. 142 00:09:14,294 --> 00:09:18,936 Okay let's look at the next tab in Preferences, the Behavior. 143 00:09:19,036 --> 00:09:25,401 Now this first option is what happens when you single or double-click a file. 144 00:09:25,861 --> 00:09:29,510 If you change this behavior, then you can single-click on a folder 145 00:09:29,610 --> 00:09:33,010 or a file to open it, or navigate into it. 146 00:09:33,584 --> 00:09:36,393 The default is to double-click. 147 00:09:36,493 --> 00:09:39,475 So some people prefer to use single-clicking, 148 00:09:40,876 --> 00:09:45,797 So there I can single click on a file and it opens up. 149 00:09:45,897 --> 00:09:48,391 others prefer to double-click. 150 00:09:48,491 --> 00:09:52,227 you just choose whichever is your preference. 151 00:10:00,093 --> 00:10:02,005 If you have it in double-click mode, 152 00:10:02,105 --> 00:10:05,374 then single-clicking just highlights the item. 153 00:10:07,996 --> 00:10:12,673 Whereas in single-click mode, hovering over the item highlights it. 154 00:10:14,713 --> 00:10:17,705 This option here, Always open in browser windows, 155 00:10:17,805 --> 00:10:21,833 if you turn that off, then when you open a nautilus window, 156 00:10:21,933 --> 00:10:24,455 you no longer get the pane on the left-hand side, 157 00:10:24,555 --> 00:10:28,478 the Tree or Places view, it's no longer there. 158 00:10:33,500 --> 00:10:38,688 If you turn it back on again, then when you open Nautilus windows, 159 00:10:39,784 --> 00:10:41,482 it comes back. 160 00:10:42,112 --> 00:10:45,024 So if you want to have a compact view of your windows, 161 00:10:45,124 --> 00:10:46,938 you could turn that tick box off, 162 00:10:47,038 --> 00:10:48,992 so you don't get the tree view. 163 00:10:49,092 --> 00:10:50,883 and you have a nice compact window. 164 00:10:50,983 --> 00:10:52,973 Very good if you've got a low resolution display 165 00:10:53,073 --> 00:10:56,389 or lots of files and folders to show. 166 00:10:58,369 --> 00:11:00,454 The next section is for text files. 167 00:11:00,554 --> 00:11:04,197 Now text files can be plain text files that you could open and edit 168 00:11:04,297 --> 00:11:07,588 or they might be scripts, programs that you could run. 169 00:11:07,714 --> 00:11:12,007 and these options determine how you deal with those text files 170 00:11:12,107 --> 00:11:13,415 when you double-click on them 171 00:11:13,515 --> 00:11:16,900 or single-click on them if you have that set as your option. 172 00:11:17,790 --> 00:11:22,863 Down the bottom we have, how do we deal with deleting items. 173 00:11:24,256 --> 00:11:28,027 So the first option is Ask before emptying the Deleted Items folder. 174 00:11:29,357 --> 00:11:32,005 So what I'll do is I'll just do edit copy and paste 175 00:11:32,105 --> 00:11:35,032 to create a copy of the videos folder. 176 00:11:36,577 --> 00:11:40,528 And if I just press the delete key on the keyboard, it deletes the folder, 177 00:11:40,628 --> 00:11:44,692 but it actually sends it to the Deleted Items folder or Trash 178 00:11:44,792 --> 00:11:48,187 or Recycle Bin, you may see it called. 179 00:11:48,287 --> 00:11:50,525 And we can empty the Deleted Items folder 180 00:11:50,625 --> 00:11:54,322 by right-clicking the the little dustbin, the trashcan in the corner of the screen 181 00:11:54,422 --> 00:11:56,018 and choosing Empty. 182 00:11:56,118 --> 00:12:00,895 And this will empty out those files, so I can no longer recover them. 183 00:12:01,003 --> 00:12:04,746 I can then reclaim that space on my disk. 184 00:12:06,283 --> 00:12:11,895 Let's do that again, but this time I'll copy and paste the Videos folder. 185 00:12:11,995 --> 00:12:15,702 to make a duplicate, just for us to test. 186 00:12:17,562 --> 00:12:22,419 And I'll delete it again, but this time I'll turn off Ask before empty. 187 00:12:22,519 --> 00:12:26,327 And now when I choose Empty Deleted Items, it just empties it. 188 00:12:26,427 --> 00:12:28,427 It doesn't ask me for any confirmation. 189 00:12:28,527 --> 00:12:32,118 So it's just a simple level of protection you might want, 190 00:12:32,218 --> 00:12:36,357 in case you accidentally choose to empty the Deleted Items folder. 191 00:12:36,780 --> 00:12:40,631 You can also move things to the Deleted Items folder by right-clicking. 192 00:12:40,731 --> 00:12:43,685 I just you the delete button on the keyboard usually. 193 00:12:43,785 --> 00:12:49,468 You can see there, you can also press Ctrl+T, to send something to the trash. 194 00:12:49,568 --> 00:12:51,731 Another option here is to include a delete command, 195 00:12:51,831 --> 00:12:56,149 you now see an extra option on the menu for deleting an item. 196 00:12:56,249 --> 00:13:01,573 and that permanently deletes an item, which you can do with shift+delete. 197 00:13:01,673 --> 00:13:05,397 That will send a file into oblivion, it won't go to the trash can, 198 00:13:05,497 --> 00:13:09,548 it won't go to the recycler, it will just disappear. 199 00:13:18,951 --> 00:13:22,443 So here is what happens if I do a shift+delete, 200 00:13:22,543 --> 00:13:27,688 which is the equivalent of doing a delete and bypassing the trash can. 201 00:13:27,788 --> 00:13:31,136 So now the trash can has no items in it, 202 00:13:31,236 --> 00:13:34,692 because I have deleted it completely. 203 00:13:35,762 --> 00:13:41,445 Moving on, the Display tab gives us more configuration options 204 00:13:41,545 --> 00:13:45,037 for how we display files and folders. 205 00:13:46,287 --> 00:13:50,633 You can see here, if I zoom in, we get a bit of extra information, 206 00:13:50,777 --> 00:13:53,112 the number of items within a folder is shown. 207 00:13:53,212 --> 00:13:56,281 And if I zoom in even further, 208 00:13:56,381 --> 00:13:58,903 you'll see more information is displayed. 209 00:13:59,003 --> 00:14:02,890 The date and time that the folder was last modified 210 00:14:03,170 --> 00:14:07,021 and in the File Management Preferences dialog, on the right, 211 00:14:07,121 --> 00:14:11,691 you can see where we configure what gets shown when you zoom in. 212 00:14:11,934 --> 00:14:15,750 So you can determine that you want to see what type of file or folder it is, 213 00:14:15,993 --> 00:14:20,805 when you zoom in or the owner of the file, when you zoom in. 214 00:14:21,058 --> 00:14:24,465 So this allows you to have a bit more configuration 215 00:14:24,565 --> 00:14:28,681 of how you view the extra data about files and folders, 216 00:14:28,781 --> 00:14:30,836 when you zoom in. 217 00:14:30,936 --> 00:14:35,894 This information is only really visible when the items are zoomed in, 218 00:14:35,994 --> 00:14:39,996 so that there's enough room for that information to be displayed. 219 00:14:40,491 --> 00:14:44,630 If we zoom back out again, you can see the information disappears. 220 00:14:44,730 --> 00:14:49,443 You can also set the format of the date that gets displayed. 221 00:14:52,202 --> 00:14:56,081 When you are using the list view, you get a default set of columns, 222 00:14:56,181 --> 00:14:59,142 name, size, type and date modified. 223 00:14:59,242 --> 00:15:03,596 You can add additional columns using this view, 224 00:15:03,696 --> 00:15:06,109 I've added the owner column, 225 00:15:06,209 --> 00:15:10,845 so now we can see who owns each of the files in my home directory. 226 00:15:12,928 --> 00:15:17,488 We can now see the date that those files were last accessed and so on and so on. 227 00:15:17,631 --> 00:15:21,952 So you can add as many as you need and that will fit on your screen. 228 00:15:22,052 --> 00:15:25,033 And if they don't fit on your screen, then you get a scroll bar 229 00:15:25,133 --> 00:15:29,531 and you'll have to scroll across or re-size the columns to make them fit. 230 00:15:29,631 --> 00:15:31,643 You can also move the columns around, 231 00:15:31,743 --> 00:15:34,120 So if I highlight a column and press move up, 232 00:15:34,220 --> 00:15:35,920 you can see on the left-hand side, 233 00:15:36,020 --> 00:15:39,337 it's moved that column across to the left-hand side 234 00:15:39,581 --> 00:15:42,190 and move down will move it across to the right-hand side. 235 00:15:42,290 --> 00:15:47,527 You can see all the changes I'm making are taking effect pretty much straight away. 236 00:15:50,789 --> 00:15:54,424 The final tab in the File Management Preferences dialog 237 00:15:54,524 --> 00:15:59,741 is to do with how Nautilus deals with previewing files 238 00:15:59,841 --> 00:16:01,752 Now if we go to the Examples folder, 239 00:16:01,852 --> 00:16:04,949 you'll see there are lots of different file types in here. 240 00:16:05,049 --> 00:16:11,587 And you can see it actually previews the contents of some of these files. 241 00:16:12,602 --> 00:16:14,510 Let's create an example, 242 00:16:14,610 --> 00:16:18,015 if I right-click an empty space and do create document, 243 00:16:18,115 --> 00:16:20,323 I'll create an empty file. 244 00:16:22,471 --> 00:16:25,029 I'll just call it my_document. 245 00:16:25,524 --> 00:16:28,505 This is just an example to show how the preview works. 246 00:16:28,605 --> 00:16:31,243 And if I double-click on it, 247 00:16:31,343 --> 00:16:33,686 it's going to open the text editor. 248 00:16:33,786 --> 00:16:38,104 I'll just put a bit of text in here that says Hello World! 249 00:16:38,204 --> 00:16:42,235 And then close and save this. 250 00:16:44,311 --> 00:16:50,209 Now what you'll see is when I switch to the icon view, 251 00:16:50,309 --> 00:16:53,766 you can see the actual contents of the document, Hello World! 252 00:16:53,866 --> 00:16:57,465 gets displayed as a preview for that file. 253 00:16:57,996 --> 00:17:02,351 So you can see there it says Show text in icons for local files only. 254 00:17:02,451 --> 00:17:06,003 That means if a file is on a remote server 255 00:17:06,103 --> 00:17:08,638 or on a shared folder, it won't show them 256 00:17:08,738 --> 00:17:11,008 or I can choose Never show. 257 00:17:11,108 --> 00:17:14,671 And the reason you might want to tune this or change this setting 258 00:17:14,771 --> 00:17:17,222 is from a performance point of view. 259 00:17:17,322 --> 00:17:20,814 If you have a lot of files it might take a while for it to read the contents of the files 260 00:17:20,914 --> 00:17:24,226 and show those preview icons. 261 00:17:24,326 --> 00:17:27,495 And so by switching that off to never or for local files only, 262 00:17:27,595 --> 00:17:30,333 you might improve performance. 263 00:17:30,433 --> 00:17:33,674 So there are lots of options here see for other preview-able files, 264 00:17:33,774 --> 00:17:37,589 I can choose never or local files only, again. 265 00:17:37,689 --> 00:17:43,193 And I can choose the threshold, the size at which I want it to 266 00:17:43,293 --> 00:17:45,923 decide whether to show a preview or not. 267 00:17:46,023 --> 00:17:48,509 So only files smaller than a certain size, 268 00:17:48,609 --> 00:17:52,919 so that it's not having to open lots of large files in order to read them 269 00:17:53,019 --> 00:17:56,412 to provide a preview of those files. 270 00:17:58,918 --> 00:18:02,438 So as you can see here, as I change the value of files, 271 00:18:02,538 --> 00:18:07,870 various files within the left-hand side become preview or not. 272 00:18:08,401 --> 00:18:11,311 Then we have another option for sound files, 273 00:18:11,411 --> 00:18:15,090 We've got a couple of sound files here, .ogg audio files. 274 00:18:15,190 --> 00:18:18,718 Now my sound system here is muted at the moment, 275 00:18:18,818 --> 00:18:22,123 but if we had the sound audio turned up, 276 00:18:22,223 --> 00:18:26,010 then I could hover over those audio files and we'd get a preview sound. 277 00:18:26,110 --> 00:18:30,033 You actually here a snatch of the music. 278 00:18:30,780 --> 00:18:33,554 The final option down here is the folder count, 279 00:18:33,654 --> 00:18:35,701 where it determines how many files are in the folder, 280 00:18:35,801 --> 00:18:40,810 so that you can see which folders have most items in them. 281 00:18:40,910 --> 00:18:44,717 And you can again configure this to improve performance, 282 00:18:44,817 --> 00:18:50,401 you could choose only local files or never show the size of the folders. 283 00:18:51,542 --> 00:18:56,687 Okay, so that's a little about Nautilus and configuring the preferences for Nautilus. 284 00:18:58,116 --> 00:19:01,356 If we go back to our home directory again, 285 00:19:01,916 --> 00:19:03,907 make this a bit bigger, 286 00:19:04,438 --> 00:19:08,828 You can see up here the path here /home/screencasts. 287 00:19:08,928 --> 00:19:13,857 If I press the up arrow it's going to go up one from screencasts into the /home directory. 288 00:19:13,957 --> 00:19:18,167 You can see here a number of folders, these are other people's home directories. 289 00:19:18,267 --> 00:19:21,113 So mine's the one in the middle with the little house icon 290 00:19:21,213 --> 00:19:24,058 and the other folders are other people's home directories. 291 00:19:24,158 --> 00:19:27,563 And if I go up again, we find ourselves at the very top level 292 00:19:27,663 --> 00:19:30,129 of all the files on the system. 293 00:19:30,229 --> 00:19:34,799 Now I'm not going to go into detail about what each of these folders contain, 294 00:19:34,899 --> 00:19:40,618 But you generally don't touch anything in any of these folders at all. 295 00:19:40,718 --> 00:19:44,957 There are some special folders, such as proc and dev, 296 00:19:45,057 --> 00:19:48,844 which get some dynamically generated data in. 297 00:19:48,944 --> 00:19:52,939 But most of the others contain critical system files. 298 00:19:53,039 --> 00:19:56,854 Such as bin contains some critical programs, 299 00:19:56,954 --> 00:20:00,410 boot contains some programs to do with booting the system up, 300 00:20:00,510 --> 00:20:03,212 lib contains libraries, 301 00:20:04,138 --> 00:20:08,771 sbin contains some system administration programs and so on and so on. 302 00:20:08,871 --> 00:20:10,595 So all the ones that I've just highlighted, 303 00:20:10,695 --> 00:20:16,639 and all I did there was hold down the the Ctrl key and tap each of the folders in turn. 304 00:20:16,739 --> 00:20:19,628 and each one of those folders contains critical stuff 305 00:20:19,728 --> 00:20:22,358 that generally we don't touch. 306 00:20:22,458 --> 00:20:26,956 The only area that you might touch is possibly the temp directory, tmp 307 00:20:27,056 --> 00:20:29,506 and your own home directory. 308 00:20:29,606 --> 00:20:33,817 An administrator might make changes to files elsewhere, 309 00:20:33,917 --> 00:20:39,097 But generally an end user will only touch files in their own home directory 310 00:20:39,197 --> 00:20:42,402 or other shared directories. 311 00:20:43,220 --> 00:20:47,036 And these are the files I have in my home directory. 312 00:20:47,136 --> 00:20:51,166 In a later screencast we'll talk more about the other files on the system. 313 00:20:51,266 --> 00:20:55,872 But for now we are just looking at managing files within our home directory. 314 00:20:56,834 --> 00:20:58,774 You can of course create your own folders. 315 00:20:58,874 --> 00:21:02,374 So here I've got a folder that I am creating. 316 00:21:02,474 --> 00:21:06,429 You can use spaces, you can use underscores, 317 00:21:06,529 --> 00:21:11,174 various permitted characters within the name of your folder. 318 00:21:11,274 --> 00:21:15,593 And Nautilus will tell you if you try and use characters that are not allowed. 319 00:21:15,693 --> 00:21:21,196 I can drag files around, in order to organize my files. 320 00:21:22,697 --> 00:21:27,518 And of course I can delete, rename and all the other usual things, 321 00:21:27,618 --> 00:21:30,176 that you would want to do to manipulate files. 322 00:21:30,276 --> 00:21:32,619 So I can highlight a file and just press delete 323 00:21:32,719 --> 00:21:35,457 and it goes in to the Deleted Items folder. 324 00:21:35,557 --> 00:21:37,928 If I accidentally deleted it and I want to get it back, 325 00:21:38,028 --> 00:21:43,252 then all I do is drag it back out of the Deleted Items folder, the trash. 326 00:21:43,352 --> 00:21:47,383 So if I grab hold of this and drag it back into another folder 327 00:21:47,483 --> 00:21:52,483 it takes it out of the Deleted Items and puts it back into my work folder. 328 00:21:59,803 --> 00:22:02,577 I can also create a shortcut on the desktop, 329 00:22:02,677 --> 00:22:05,056 What I'm doing here is dragging the icon over the desktop 330 00:22:05,156 --> 00:22:07,462 and holding down Ctrl and Shift 331 00:22:07,562 --> 00:22:10,983 and it creates a little shortcut on the desktop. 332 00:22:11,083 --> 00:22:16,011 So this is a link to this file. 333 00:22:17,405 --> 00:22:20,358 And if I make changes to the file that's on the desktop, 334 00:22:20,458 --> 00:22:25,315 because this is actually just a link to the original file in my work directory, 335 00:22:27,750 --> 00:22:31,234 if I then refresh the desktop to update the icon, 336 00:22:31,334 --> 00:22:33,312 you will see the text within there has changed. 337 00:22:33,412 --> 00:22:35,868 It's probably nigh on impossible for you to see, 338 00:22:35,968 --> 00:22:37,923 but the preview text has changed. 339 00:22:38,023 --> 00:22:41,012 Now here's a neat thing we can do is stretch the icon 340 00:22:41,112 --> 00:22:43,311 you can make the icon bigger. 341 00:22:43,411 --> 00:22:47,694 As a bigger target to hit on my desktop, here we go. 342 00:22:47,794 --> 00:22:51,861 You might want to use the resizing to indicate importance 343 00:22:51,961 --> 00:22:55,309 or relevance of icons on your desktop. 344 00:22:55,409 --> 00:22:57,967 And you can restore icons to their original size as well. 345 00:22:58,067 --> 00:23:01,415 All I did there was right-click to get the context menu, 346 00:23:01,515 --> 00:23:05,870 and then choose to re-size the icon. 347 00:23:10,783 --> 00:23:13,980 Of course I can delete the link from my desktop 348 00:23:14,080 --> 00:23:17,292 and the original file is still in place. 349 00:23:17,895 --> 00:23:19,835 So all I've done there is get rid of the link, 350 00:23:19,935 --> 00:23:22,996 so you can see the original file still exists in my work folder. 351 00:23:23,096 --> 00:23:26,165 All I did was get rid of the link from my desktop. 352 00:23:32,084 --> 00:23:35,289 Okay, let's move on to another topic. 353 00:23:42,824 --> 00:23:46,927 Now my work folder, I might use on a regular basis. 354 00:23:47,027 --> 00:23:50,116 So what I could do is create a bookmark, 355 00:23:50,216 --> 00:23:52,595 a kind of shortcut to my work folder. 356 00:23:52,695 --> 00:23:56,195 You can see the bookmarks listed in the bookmark menu, 357 00:23:56,295 --> 00:24:00,649 is the same as the places listed on the left-hand side of this window. 358 00:24:00,749 --> 00:24:04,421 And if I navigate in to my work folder and just go to the bookmarks menu 359 00:24:04,521 --> 00:24:08,767 and choose add bookmark, it appears in the Places menu. 360 00:24:08,867 --> 00:24:13,042 So now you can see my work folder listed in the bookmarks list. 361 00:24:13,393 --> 00:24:16,806 And this is useful because it means I have quick access to folders 362 00:24:16,906 --> 00:24:21,914 that might be somewhere buried deep within my home directory. 363 00:24:23,307 --> 00:24:27,087 It also shows up under the Places menu at the top of the screen 364 00:24:27,474 --> 00:24:32,116 and also if you're in an application, let's open text editor. 365 00:24:32,640 --> 00:24:34,119 and I create a new file. 366 00:24:34,290 --> 00:24:37,308 When I click the save option, 367 00:24:37,408 --> 00:24:41,239 by default it's wanting to save this new file in my home directory. 368 00:24:41,339 --> 00:24:44,249 But if I hit this button to say browse other folders, 369 00:24:44,349 --> 00:24:47,418 we now get the option of going straight to my work folder. 370 00:24:47,518 --> 00:24:50,858 So it's a great way of having a direct link to somewhere 371 00:24:50,958 --> 00:24:54,315 that you use regularly, that you want to save files. 372 00:24:56,785 --> 00:24:58,553 There we go. 373 00:24:58,653 --> 00:25:01,491 So now it's just saved directly in to my work folder 374 00:25:01,591 --> 00:25:04,983 which I accessed as a bookmark. 375 00:25:09,932 --> 00:25:11,477 There we go. 376 00:25:15,752 --> 00:25:18,992 You can create as many of these bookmarks as you like, 377 00:25:19,092 --> 00:25:21,104 some of them are delivered already 378 00:25:21,204 --> 00:25:24,363 and you can keep dragging things into the 379 00:25:24,463 --> 00:25:27,362 area on the left-hand side, the Places pane. 380 00:25:27,462 --> 00:25:30,081 And you'll notice under the Places menu, now 381 00:25:30,181 --> 00:25:33,357 all of my bookmarks have been aggregated together. 382 00:25:33,457 --> 00:25:35,149 and put under a sub-menu. 383 00:25:35,249 --> 00:25:37,603 So that the Places menu doesn't grow too large, 384 00:25:37,703 --> 00:25:40,509 we now have a sub-menu of Bookmarks 385 00:25:49,014 --> 00:25:54,626 Okay, let's take a look at managing files on an external device. 386 00:25:54,726 --> 00:25:59,475 Here's a USB key, I've just plugged in to my laptop. 387 00:25:59,575 --> 00:26:02,233 You can see it flash initially to detect the device 388 00:26:02,333 --> 00:26:07,162 and it flashes again when the system mounts the disk. 389 00:26:07,262 --> 00:26:11,106 You can see here it mounts the disk at this level in the directory tree, 390 00:26:11,206 --> 00:26:12,830 /media/disk. 391 00:26:12,930 --> 00:26:16,314 That's the default location where one of these new media sticks, 392 00:26:16,414 --> 00:26:19,483 assuming it's been formatted already, will be mounted. 393 00:26:19,583 --> 00:26:24,045 We also get an icon on the desktop, of the same name, disk. 394 00:26:24,145 --> 00:26:28,930 If we added a second one it would be called disk1, disk2, disk3. 395 00:26:29,030 --> 00:26:31,035 Now if I pull it out, 396 00:26:31,135 --> 00:26:34,034 you'll notice a message in the bottom right-hand corner of the screen 397 00:26:34,134 --> 00:26:36,330 saying Unsafe device removal. 398 00:26:36,430 --> 00:26:40,856 It's generally recommended that you unmount a device before you unplug it 399 00:26:40,956 --> 00:26:43,686 or eject the device before you unplug it, 400 00:26:43,786 --> 00:26:46,747 rather than just pulling the device out. 401 00:26:48,320 --> 00:26:51,812 So let's do that again, but do it the right way. 402 00:26:54,031 --> 00:26:57,308 So this time I'll plug the device back in again 403 00:27:00,425 --> 00:27:04,792 And again it detects the device, then mounts the file system 404 00:27:04,892 --> 00:27:09,736 that's on that device, again under /media/disk. 405 00:27:09,836 --> 00:27:13,257 And you can see my files that exist on that device 406 00:27:13,357 --> 00:27:15,627 and the icon on the desktop 407 00:27:15,727 --> 00:27:19,040 and the icon listed in the Places menu as well. 408 00:27:20,720 --> 00:27:26,547 And this works for USB keys, some media players, MP3 players 409 00:27:26,647 --> 00:27:29,601 and also external hard disks. 410 00:27:30,922 --> 00:27:32,718 Now I'm going to make a change, 411 00:27:32,818 --> 00:27:38,365 I'm going to select a file that's on the USB key and delete it, 412 00:27:38,465 --> 00:27:44,220 You can see there's a bit of activity on the USB key as that folder is deleted. 413 00:27:44,715 --> 00:27:48,523 And now what I'll do is I'll right-click the icon on the desktop, 414 00:27:48,623 --> 00:27:50,075 and choose to unmount the volume. 415 00:27:50,175 --> 00:27:54,386 and this flushes out any changes and ensures that the data is consistent 416 00:27:54,486 --> 00:27:58,445 on my USB key and and then disconnects from it. 417 00:27:58,653 --> 00:28:01,426 But before it does that it gives me the option of what to do with 418 00:28:01,526 --> 00:28:03,474 the things that are in the waste basket. 419 00:28:03,574 --> 00:28:05,683 I deleted the folder foo and it's asking me, 420 00:28:05,783 --> 00:28:08,718 Do you want to empty the recycle bin 421 00:28:08,818 --> 00:28:11,233 or not empty the recycle bin? 422 00:28:13,703 --> 00:28:16,708 Now that I've unmounted the device, 423 00:28:16,808 --> 00:28:20,404 I can unplug it and everything is okay. 424 00:28:20,888 --> 00:28:25,386 Let's do the same thing again, but this time instead of using a USB key, 425 00:28:25,486 --> 00:28:29,337 I'll use a USB memory card reader. 426 00:28:30,299 --> 00:28:34,366 And I've got a memory card that came out of my digital camera. 427 00:28:34,466 --> 00:28:36,660 and I took three photos on the digital camera, 428 00:28:36,763 --> 00:28:40,703 so they should be on this memory card. 429 00:28:42,009 --> 00:28:44,667 Now you'll notice nothing has happened on the desktop yet, 430 00:28:44,767 --> 00:28:47,369 when I plugged the media card reader in. 431 00:28:47,469 --> 00:28:50,961 It's only once you actually plug the card in that anything happens. 432 00:28:51,061 --> 00:28:54,158 Now a pop-up box has appeared because it has detected 433 00:28:54,258 --> 00:28:59,870 that this is a device that may have photos on it. 434 00:28:59,970 --> 00:29:03,382 It's come out of my digital camera, so that's probably a good guess. 435 00:29:03,482 --> 00:29:07,593 Now managing digital photos is a topic we'll cover in a later screencast. 436 00:29:07,693 --> 00:29:14,849 So I'm going to ignore this for now and just treat that device as piece of storage. 437 00:29:14,949 --> 00:29:21,350 So if I go to /media/EOS_Digital, which is where it mounts the device. 438 00:29:21,450 --> 00:29:24,216 Notice it's not using the name disk, 439 00:29:24,316 --> 00:29:27,169 but EOS_DIGITAL, I'll talk more about that in a minute. 440 00:29:27,269 --> 00:29:30,618 And I can navigate around on the device. 441 00:29:30,718 --> 00:29:35,252 And there you can see the photos that I took earlier on. 442 00:29:35,352 --> 00:29:39,490 and of course I could copy those files off there manually. 443 00:29:39,590 --> 00:29:42,352 There are also photo management tools in Ubuntu, 444 00:29:42,452 --> 00:29:44,771 which again we'll cover in another screencasts, 445 00:29:44,871 --> 00:29:49,297 that I could use to import those photos and manage those photos. 446 00:29:52,522 --> 00:29:55,798 And again when I've finished, I just right-click the icon on the desktop 447 00:29:55,898 --> 00:29:57,343 and then choose unmount 448 00:29:57,443 --> 00:30:02,113 Once it's unmounted I can then unplug the device 449 00:30:03,262 --> 00:30:04,994 Just like that. 450 00:30:05,741 --> 00:30:08,838 So that's a little bit about mounting external devices. 451 00:30:08,938 --> 00:30:13,400 And it works much the same for mounting CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs as well. 452 00:30:13,500 --> 00:30:16,489 We'll talk more about that in another screencast. 453 00:30:16,984 --> 00:30:20,656 Now there's a page on the Ubuntu documentation that I wanted to show you. 454 00:30:20,756 --> 00:30:25,174 My USB key was mounted under /media/disk, 455 00:30:25,274 --> 00:30:28,235 that's where I could find it in the directory tree. 456 00:30:28,335 --> 00:30:33,192 My memory card from my digital camera was mounted under a different location. 457 00:30:33,292 --> 00:30:36,102 and that's because it had a different label. 458 00:30:36,202 --> 00:30:41,562 Now a label is name you can put on to the device itself 459 00:30:41,662 --> 00:30:44,974 to influence where it gets mounted on your system. 460 00:30:45,074 --> 00:30:48,566 That helps you to identify which device it is you are looking at. 461 00:30:48,666 --> 00:30:52,338 If you have three or four keys plugged in, you might want to give them different names. 462 00:30:52,438 --> 00:30:54,888 And this page, which I'll include on the site, 463 00:30:54,988 --> 00:30:58,193 a link to details how to go about doing that. 464 00:30:58,293 --> 00:31:01,210 It's a little bit advanced, so I'm not going to show it right now. 465 00:31:01,310 --> 00:31:03,832 but if you want to do that, you can. 466 00:31:16,146 --> 00:31:21,398 Okay, finally we'll talk about something on the context menu 467 00:31:21,498 --> 00:31:25,269 If you right-click a folder, there's a couple of options near the bottom, 468 00:31:25,369 --> 00:31:30,127 which are quite useful, Create Archive and Send to. 469 00:31:30,729 --> 00:31:37,993 Now Create Archive is a very useful utility for creating a compressed file, 470 00:31:38,093 --> 00:31:40,256 that may contain multiple other files. 471 00:31:40,356 --> 00:31:46,571 You see here it supports various different file formats including gzip and bzip 472 00:31:46,671 --> 00:31:51,607 and the more common on the windows platform is the zip file format. 473 00:31:51,707 --> 00:31:55,091 So by right-clicking a folder and choosing Create Archive, 474 00:31:55,191 --> 00:31:59,646 I can then give the archive a name and choose where I want it to be located. 475 00:31:59,746 --> 00:32:05,644 Hit Create and it adds all the files that were in that folder in to an archive 476 00:32:05,744 --> 00:32:08,562 So I've now got an archive called Examples.zip 477 00:32:08,662 --> 00:32:11,679 and that contains all the files that were in my Examples folder. 478 00:32:11,779 --> 00:32:14,451 This might be useful if you want to collect up a bunch of files 479 00:32:14,551 --> 00:32:16,824 and maybe send them to someone. 480 00:32:16,924 --> 00:32:20,523 Another way to do this is to do right-click -> Send to 481 00:32:20,623 --> 00:32:23,353 And when you do Send to, you get the option of sending 482 00:32:23,453 --> 00:32:26,486 the contents of that folder as an email. 483 00:32:26,586 --> 00:32:31,372 So I can type in the name of someone or someone's email address in fact. 484 00:32:33,160 --> 00:32:36,077 And it will attach the contents of that folder, 485 00:32:36,177 --> 00:32:39,518 compressed as in this case a zip file. 486 00:32:39,618 --> 00:32:43,689 When you hit Send, it compresses the files up, attaches them to an email 487 00:32:43,789 --> 00:32:47,349 and then gives you the opportunity of typing a subject 488 00:32:47,449 --> 00:32:51,487 and type in the body of the email, before it actually sends the email. 489 00:32:52,773 --> 00:32:55,467 You can do the same thing if you've already compressed a file. 490 00:32:55,574 --> 00:32:58,202 If you've already compressed a file or folder, 491 00:32:58,340 --> 00:33:00,783 you do right-click -> Send to 492 00:33:00,883 --> 00:33:05,065 and then just type in the email address of the person you want to send it to. 493 00:33:07,141 --> 00:33:10,230 And you get the option here of compressing the file, 494 00:33:10,330 --> 00:33:15,123 but as this file is already compressed, there's no point me compressing it again. 495 00:33:15,223 --> 00:33:17,378 So I'll turn that off and just click send. 496 00:33:17,478 --> 00:33:19,578 Again your email client opens and you get 497 00:33:19,678 --> 00:33:23,636 the opportunity to add some text and then send it. 498 00:33:26,969 --> 00:33:31,216 So that's Create Archive and Send to, very useful. 499 00:33:31,819 --> 00:33:33,802 So that's an overview of Nautilus 500 00:33:33,902 --> 00:33:38,320 and some of the main features of the Nautilus file browser. 501 00:33:38,895 --> 00:33:41,086 There are plenty more screencasts at our website, 502 00:33:41,186 --> 00:33:44,032 screencasts.ubuntu.com
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